Avaliação do potencial de contaminação por agrotóxicos: estudo de caso na bacia do Paraná III

Abstract

The use of agrochemicals in temporary agriculture has emerged with the aim of increasing agricultural production, and through these, strengthen crops and minimize losses from pests. However, several compounds present in pesticides have some toxicity level, this toxicity leading to risks to human health and the environment contamination, especially of surface and underground water resources. In this context, the present work has the main goal evaluating the potential of surface and groundwater contamination in the Paraná III basin (BPIII). The municipalities in the study area have their economy based on agricultural activities and an important water reserve. To calculate the agrochemical contamination potential, the main agro chemicals applied to the soybean, maize, total temporary agriculture area in each municipality and the chemical properties of the compounds were identified through bibliographic research. Estimated contamination potential was obtained by applying the GUS and GOSS index. The application of the GUS index indicated that among the twelve compounds evaluated only one, acephate has moderate leaching potential because it is in the transition range, the others have high potential. GOSS index indicated that the active principles glyphosate, acephate and paraquate dichloride have greater transport mobility in water associated to the sediment and the paraquate, profenofos, lufenuron and propiconazole have a higher soil adsorption coefficient. It should be noted that the knowledge of the chemical pesticides be havior in soil and in contact with water allows a more efficient management in order to prevent the impacts caused by the use of these substances for the environment and for the human being as well as directions in the management of the use and soil occupation.