Article
Variation of functional traits in trees from a biogeographically complex Mexican cloud forest
Fecha
2013Autor
Brinson, C.
Bogner, J.R.
Nelson, M.
Podzamczer, D.
Quinson, A.M.
Drulak, M.
Andrade-Villanueva, J.
Cahn, P.
Santiago, S.
Gathe, J.
Institución
Resumen
Background: We report 96- and 144-week follow-up data from VERxVE, demonstrating that nevirapine (NVP) extended release (XR) 400 mg once daily was non-inferior to NVP immediate release (IR) 200 mg twice daily, each administered on a backbone of emtricitabine/tenofovir. Methods: VERxVE was a double-blind, double-dummy, non-inferiority study in adults with screening viral load (VL) >1000 copies/mL and CD4+ cell count <400 cells/mm3 (males) or <250 cells/mm3 (females). Randomisation was stratified by baseline VL (copies/mL) ? 100,000 or >100,000. The primary endpoint was confirmed virologic response (<50 copies/mL) at week 48. Cochran's statistic incorporating baseline VL strata tested non-inferiority of XR efficacy versus IR. Secondary endpoints included 144-week sustained virologic response and safety. Results: In all, 1011 patients were randomised and treated with NVP: 736 (XR n=378; IR n= 358) completed 144 weeks. Virologic response was 63.6% for NVP XR and 58.5% for NVP IR (adjusted difference of 4.8% [95% confidence interval -1.1% to 10.8%] favouring NVP XR). No significant differences were seen in changes in CD4+ T-cell counts from baseline, virologic failures or total discontinuation rates between treatment arms, regardless of demographic or baseline characteristics. Conclusions: NVP XR demonstrated non-inferior virologic efficacy to NVP IR in treatment-naive HIV-infected patients and was well tolerated out to week 144, with a safety profile similar to NVP IR. " 2013 Brinson C, et al.",,,,,,"10.4172/2155-6113.1000233",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45675","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84884951885&partnerID=40&md5=6b5a7deacf969fec1b71911841c1011f",,,,,,"8",,"Journal of AIDS and Clinical Research",,,,"4",,"Scopus",,,,,,"Clinical trial; Extended-release formulation; Hiv; Nevirapine; Once-daily dosing",,,,,,"Verxve 144-week results: Nevirapine extended release (nvp xr) qd versus nvp immediate release (ir) bid with ftc/tdf in treatment-naive hiv-1 patients",,"Article"
"47427","123456789/35008",,"Saldaña-Acosta, A., Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, 04510 D.F., Mexico, Instituto Manantlán de Ecología y Biodiversidad, CUCSUR, Universidad de Guadalajara, Autlán de Navarro, 48900 Jalisco, Mexico; Meave, J.A., Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, 04510 D.F., Mexico; Paz, H., Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, UNAM, Morelia, 58190 Michoacán, Mexico; Sánchez-Velásquez, L.R., Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Dirección General de Investigaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Villaseñor, J.L., Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, México, 04510 D.F., Mexico; Martínez-Ramos, M., Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, UNAM, Morelia, 58190 Michoacán, Mexico",,"Saldana-Acosta, A. Meave, J.A. Paz, H. Sanchez-Velasquez, L.R. Villasenor, J.L. Martinez-Ramos, M.",,"2008",,"Several studies have proposed a group of morpho-functional traits as determinants of the ecological strategy of species. Among these, four morpho-functional traits are considered to be relevant in determining a plant's ecological strategy: specific leaf area (SLA), height at maturity (Hmax), wood density (WD), and seed mass (SM). We examined the variation of these traits and attempted to identify functional groups among 33 tree species with different biogeographical affinities from a montane cloud forest. Covariation among the four traits was examined using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and species clustering. Bivariate trait relationships were evaluated through two methods: cross-species correlations, and evolutionary divergence correlations using phylogenetically independent contrasts (PICs). Correlations between attributes were overall weak, the most obvious ones being between Hmax and SM, and between Hmax and WD; this latter trait pair was also correlated in PICs. In both analyses SLA was unrelated to all other traits. In the PCA ordination the first two axes explained 66.9% of the between-species variation. Despite a largely continuous between-species variation, species clustering allowed differentiation of two main groups. Observed trait correlations were consistent with those reported for other floras, with the important exception of the independent behaviour of SLA. This study indicates a variety of comparable successful life history strategies among the studied species. The effect of phylogeny in trait covariation was unimportant, in fact, a mixture of clades was represented in several groups among the species they contained, suggesting among-lineage convergence. " 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.