Características clínico-quirúrgicas de pacientes con Agujero Macular. Centro Oftalmológico Exilaser. Cuenca, 2015-2019

Abstract

Background: The macular hole is one of the least studied ophthalmological pathologies; the satisfactory treatment has been achieved through the implementation of surgical techniques a few years ago and the study and analysis of its clinical-surgical characteristics is of vital importance to assess the success of surgery with intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Objective: Describe the clinical-surgical characteristics of patients diagnosed on for a macular hole at the EXILASER Ophthalmological Center in Cuenca in the period 2015-2019. Methodological design: Descriptive, retrospective study. The study universe corresponds to 75 patients who attended the EXILASER Ophthalmological Center and were diagnosed with AM between January-2015 and December-2019. Results: 76.0% of the patients are women; 81.3% are between 60 and 79 years old; 96.0% reside in urban areas; 34.7% are dedicated to housework; 24.0% report cataracts; 26.7% have arterial hypertension; 84.0% presented loss of central vision; 80.0% had decreased visual acuity. 50.7% presented affection only in the right eye; 53.3% had a chronic evolution greater than one year; 33.3% present grade III AM. 44.0% had surgery; 93.9% had anatomical surgical closure. The relationship between the degree of MA, time of evolution and closure of the MA was not significant (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The success rate of MA closure after surgical intervention is greater than 90% with improvement in postoperative visual acuity. No significant association was found between the grade of the MA, time of evolution and the closure of the MA.