La agroecología y el cambio de matriz productiva agraria en el Ecuador: el caso de la producción de maíz en la provincia de Loja

Abstract

In Ecuador there are two matrices productive for the agrarian field, which are disputed more clearly in the peasantry, the conventional and Agroecological Agriculture; In 2013 with the promulgation of Change of the Productive Matrix was officially initiated the intensification of capitalism in the countryside in the name of rural modernization; So it was necessary with this research to investigate the results of agroecology and public policy in terms of sustainability, this involves criteria of identity and satisfaction on the part of farmers. Due to the complexity of the research, a case study was taken as reference in the analysis of the agroecosystems, the crops of hard corn as a product of link and dispute with the capital; In addition, the methodological tools were adopted: Economic-Ecological Evaluation of Agroecosystems (AS-TPA, 2015); the integrated multi-scale analysis of the metabolism of society and ecosystems MuSIASEM (Giampietro, Mayumi, & Ramos); in-depth interviews; and action research as a cross-cutting practice. It was observed with this from the local level, that the conventional matrix supported by the State consolidates bases for the development of the agroindustry, assembling an apparent territorial progress; Their ecological and cultural profit and aggression; While agroecology promotes the organization and sustainability of the territory under unfavorable conditions