Estudio de la agrobiodiversidad del área arqueológica del Monte Puñay, en el cantón Chunchi provincia de Chimborazo

Abstract

The present research proposes: to determine the agrobiodiversity of the archaeological area Puñay Mount, Chunchi canton, Chimborazo province; for the recovery of ancestral knowledge on the management of Andean crops, it has three steps: conducting thee inventory of food plants of the five study communities, characterizing etnobotanically the agricultural operations of Andean crops and evaluating the state of agrobiodiversity in the Nizag community. For the inventory of food plants, the system of natural regions was used for the pre-Columbian cultures of the Andes, for the ethnobotanical characterization, interviews were carried out using the participatory observation technique together with the co-proprietors in the field trips, on the other hand for the ethnoarchaebotanic characterization surveys were made considering the production sites and their contexts, from these samples the recovery techniques were applied; Regarding the evaluation of the state of the agrobiodiversity, the different indexes of diversity were used, taking as a unit of analysis a crop field instead of an individual, considering one plant per square meter. Thus, the inventory of food plants was a total of 59 species, of which 55 were found in Nizag, 31 in Piñancay, 24 in Shungumarca, 6 in Launag and 3 in Joyagshi. The ethnobotanical characterization know that Maize (Zea mays) it is the specie that presents the largest selection of ethnobotanical characteristics, ethnoarchaebotanically it was determined that the Wild Poppy species (Papaver roheas) represents the largest number of seeds present in the samples collected with a total of 9382 seeds. Through the analysis of diversity, it was determined that the Andean crops have remained in a historical continuum in 77, 7%.

Keywords: AGROBIODIVERSITY – ETHNOBOTANICAL – ETHNOARCHAEOBOTANICA – ANDEAN CROPS – ANCESTRAL KNOWLEDGE