Obtención de bioetanol mediante hidrólisis enzimática a partir de biomasa residual agrícola procedente de maíz blanco, trigo y cebada con fines de biorefineria.

Abstract

The investigation aimed to obtain 95% bioethanol by enzymatic hydrolysis, from agricultural residual biomass from white corn, wheat and barley for biorefinery purposes. The biomass was subjected to both physical and chemical characterization, to reduce the particle size as well as to determine if it is suitable for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis using 5 native fungal strains whose cellulase and xylanase enzymes are capable of converting polymer chains into monomers such as glucose, 100g of pretreated biomass was used for the hydrolysis, saccharification, fermentation, distillation and rectification with activated carbon. Inductive-deductive methods of correlational type and a completely randomized block experimental design with three study factors, 30 treatments, 3 repetitions, with 90 trials were used. The variables were analyzed according to the design used by means of a statistical analysis of variance to determine significant differences in the samples. The means tests were evaluated with the Tukey statistical test at 95% confidence, a polynomial transformation was carried out to observe the linear or quadratic effect of the treatments. The distillate is collected when the temperature begins to stabilize at 65ºC, when it reaches 88ºC it stops because higher alcohols can be distilled, it was rectified using vertical distillation with a bulb condenser, 89% azeotropic bioethanol is obtained. Finally, it is filtered with activated carbon granulate to remove unwanted compounds. This allows us to accept the researcher's hypothesis where the treatments T4, T2, T3: agricultural residue of corn, three types of fungi and 192 h, obtained better yields with a percentage equal to 95%, this is corroborated by the analysis of variance with p <0.05 that is adjusted with the results obtained in the laboratory. The estimated time for the complete process was 15-20 days.