Tesis
Caracterización de microorganismos fúngicos asociados a los frutos de chonta (Bactris gasipaes kunth), en cinco localidades de la provincia de Orellana.
Fecha
2021-07-21Registro en:
Sanmiguel Chimbo, Josue David. (2021). Caracterización de microorganismos fúngicos asociados a los frutos de chonta (Bactris gasipaes kunth), en cinco localidades de la provincia de Orellana. Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. Riobamba.
Autor
Sanmiguel Chimbo, Josue David
Resumen
This investigation aims to characterize the fungal microorganisms associated with chonta fruits
(Bactris gasipaes Kunth) in five places belonging to Orellana province. Different phenotypes
(bright yellow, orange yellow and dark reddish-red) of chonta attacked by fungal mycoorganisms
were collected in these places of San Francisco de Asis, El Coca, Sani Isla, Patasyaku and San
José. Direct and indirect isolations of the fruits were made, and the fungal colonies that appeared
were recorded and grouped by morphotypes. In the macroscopic characterization of the
morphotypes, cultural characters such as: color of the front, back, shape, margin, texture and
elevation of the colonies were recorded; and the microscopic characterization of the morphotypes
was carried out by means of the plate and microculture technique, therefore, data of fungal
structures were recorded. Fungal diversity was evaluated by means of relative abundance and
using the R 3.6 program, the number of effective species, species richness and Shannony
Simpson's diversity indexes were estimated. Fungal diversity was different in these places,
demonstrating that San Francisco de Asis has most diversity of fungal microorganisms and the El
Coca has the least one. Likewise, the Kruskal-Wallis confirmed this difference according to the
diversity indexes in these places. The symptomatologic manifestations found in the chonta fruit
phenotypes were: necrosis, soft rots, dry rots, presence of crusts, exudates and masses of white
hyphae, black mycelium and green mold. The fungal microorganisms present were the genera
Geotrichum spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Trichoderma
spp. and Ceratocystis spp. It is recommended to perform pathogenicity tests to verify this
symptomatology and to make molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the fungal microorganisms
found on chonta fruits for a species level identification.