info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Diversity and evolution of the parotoid macrogland in true toads (Anura: Bufonidae)
Fecha
2019-09Registro en:
Ódonohoe, M. E. Ailin; Luna, María Celeste; Regueira, Eleonora; Brunetti, Andrés Eduardo; Basso, Nestor Guillermo; et al.; Diversity and evolution of the parotoid macrogland in true toads (Anura: Bufonidae); Wiley Blackwell Publishing, Inc; Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society; 187; 2; 9-2019; 453-478
0024-4082
CONICET Digital
CONICET
Autor
Ódonohoe, M. E. Ailin
Luna, María Celeste
Regueira, Eleonora
Brunetti, Andrés Eduardo
Basso, Nestor Guillermo
Lynch, John D.
Pereyra, Martín Oscar
Hermida, Gladys Noemí
Resumen
Skin glands in amphibians are either distributed throughout the skin or aggregated in multiglandular structures such as the parotoids typical of most species of Bufonidae. Although many early divergent and derived bufonids lack a discrete parotoid in the postorbital-supratympanic (PoSt) region, they have a great macroscopic diversity in the skin morphology of this region. To understand the origin and evolution of this diversity, in particular of the parotoids, we describe the histomorphology of the skin of the PoSt and dorsal regions in 17 species of bufonids, with or without external evident parotoid, and compare it with previously published descriptions. The survey results in 27 characters that were optimized on a phylogenetic hypothesis of Bufonidae. Our results reveal that the PoSt region has a noteworthy morphological diversity of types of glands, spatial organization and differences in the secretion products. Some morphological characters represent putative synapomorphies of internal clades of Bufonidae and are related to the progressive differentiation towards defined structures (macroglands, parotoids). These morphological results, along with published information on the toxicity of the skin secretions and defensive behaviours in some representative species, allow us to infer possible relationships between these features.