We present first results from an unbiased 50 deg² submillimeter Galactic survey at 250, 350, and 500 μm from the 2006 flight of the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope. The map has resolution ranging from 36′′ to 60′′ in the three submillimeter bands spanning the thermal emission peak of cold starless cores.We determine the temperature, luminosity, and mass of more than 1000 compact sources in a range of evolutionary stages and an unbiased statistical characterization of the population. From comparison with C¹⁸O data, we find the dust opacity per gas mass, κr = 0.16 cm² gˉ¹ at 250 μm, for cold clumps. We find that 2% of the mass of the molecular gas over this diverse region is in cores colder than 14 K, and that the mass function for these cold cores is consistent with a power law with index α = −3.22±0.14 over the mass range