Tesis
Vulnerabilidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Mutum (Pantanal Norte - Brasil)
Fecha
2016-12-08Registro en:
MELLO, Ana de Paula Gonçalves. Vulnerabilidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Mutum (Pantanal Norte - Brasil). 2016. 111 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Rondonópolis, 2016.
Autor
Oliveira, Simoni Maria Loverde
Santos, Caio Augusto Marques dos
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5010548397365361
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0888928117739623
Oliveira, Simoni Maria Loverde
377.938.452-34
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0888928117739623
Santos, Caio Augusto Marques dos
325.760.188-31
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5010548397365361
377.938.452-34
325.760.188-31
Sturza, José Adolfo Iriam
364.728.320-72
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1160588187827811
Nunes, João Osvaldo Rodrigues
364.728.320-72
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4756709773076464
Institución
Resumen
One of the main concerns with land uses is erosion processes, especially when they are
inadequately carried out in vulnerable places, leading to environmental, social and economic
problems. The uses practiced in plateau areas around the Pantanal and in Pantanal itself can
have effects on floodplains where all dynamics of land use and occupation have close
relations with the flood pulse. The objective of this work was to carry out the zoning of the
environmental vulnerability of the Mutum river basin establishing its relations with the
different uses of the land and to analyze the relationship between soil loss and sediment
transport and deposition processes in Sinhá Mariana bay near mouth of the river Mutum. This
basin (16 ° 22'58 "S and 55 ° 48'90" 0) occupies the geomorphological units of the Guimarães
plateau and part of the Pantanal plain of Mato Grosso. The methodology of environmental
vulnerability zoning proposed by Crepani et al. (2001) adapted with the inclusion of the flood
theme. For each of the six themes were established classes and assigned weights according to
the potential of pedogenesis and morphogenesis, then the vulnerability synthesis map was
generated. Using methods and techniques of geoprocessing in a GIS environment, the
drainage network, the boundary and slope of the basin, and vulnerability maps were
elaborated from the orbital images and vector data through LEGAL programming. Two top -
height surveys were obtained and information was obtained on the contribution of suspended
sediments, net flow estimation, total solid and granulometric types in the dry and full season,
aiming at the general characterization of the Mutum - Sinhá Mariana bay system. The
environmental vulnerability of the Mutum river basin ranged from stable to vulnerable
reaching a maximum grade coefficient of 2.7 in the most vulnerable places. The stable class
occupied an area of 3.95 km2 (slightly less than 1%), moderately stable 363.92 km2 (12%),
moderately stable-vulnerable 2,225.44 km2 (65%), moderately vulnerable 930.56 km2 (21%)
and vulnerable 6.15 km2 (less than 1%). In the plateau the class of vulnerability to soil loss
that occupies most of this geomorphological unit is the moderately stable-vulnerable class
where agriculture is practiced. At the edges of the plateau can be identified areas with
moderate vulnerability and in places with greater slope of the terrain there was also moderate
vulnerability. In the plain, most of this unit is moderately stable-vulnerable, but moderate
vulnerability and vulnerability were observed in flood areas and close to river channels,
especially those where land use is cattle ranching. The results of topobatimetry suggest that
there was a progression of sedimentation of the bay, which may have been potentiated due to
the land uses developed in the floodplain of the Mutum and plateau basins. The results of the
liquid and solid flow analyzes and the bottom granulometric types (silt and clay) of the Sinhá
Mariana bay corroborate this indication. The zoning of the environmental vulnerability in the
Pantanal and elevated areas of its surroundings can subsidize management plans that aim to
mitigate the erosive processes in this type of system. The analysis of the environmental
vulnerability of the Mutum river basin has made it evident that soil erosion losses can be
intensified if the management practices are not respected. Soil losses in both the plain and
adjacent plateau can contribute to changes in river systems due to sedimentation and
sedimentation, as well as to compromise the different uses of water and land in these two
geomorphological units.