Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de Graduação
Relações entre desenvolvimento e desigualdade: uma releitura da curva de Kuznets para os estados do Brasil 1995-2014
Fecha
2017-12-06Autor
Vieira, Cristiéle de Almeida
Institución
Resumen
The Brazil is a historically unequal country. It is noted that between 1970 and 1987, Brazil
was the country that grew the most economically in the world, but It is social indicators did
not folow the same trend. Recent data show that in 2015, although Brazil was the 9th position
in the world ranking of Gross Domestic Product, It is position in the world ranking of the
Human Development Index was 79th. This discrepancy is attributed to fact the brazilian
economic growth occurring in a concentrated way, without distribution to the needy
population. In this context that permeates the problematic of this study: What is the
relationship between income inequality and development / growth variables in Brazil? The
central objective is to analyse the impacts of growth and economic development variables on
brazilian income inequality. The methodology adopted consisted of an extension of the
pioneering theory- Kuznets Curve- adding variables of the modern models (imperfect credit,
social conflit and political economy) of inequality. The statistical method used was panel
econometrics for the brazilian states in the period 1995-2014. As the main results, the
variables that influence the Gini Index variations are, respectively, average years of schooling,
homicide rate, per capita income, industrial electric energy consumption, welfare expenditure
and social security per capita and trade opening. In addition, it has been shown that not only
per capita income explains the variations in income inequality, on the contrary, in Brazil it is
further intensifying the gap between rich and poor.