Dissertação
Efeitos de formulações contendo Clomazone® sobre parâmetros bioquímicos, citogenéticos e comportamentais em peixe-zebra (Danio rerio)
Fecha
2020-11-20Autor
Cruz, Taisson Kroth Thomé da
Institución
Resumen
The largest consumer of pesticides in the world since 2009, Brazil, consumed around 84% of the
pesticides sold in Latin America. The increase in consumption, as well as the reduction of
riparian forests, together with indiscriminate use, can lead to contamination of the soil, water and
non-targets of these pesticides. Clomazone®, belongs to the herbicide class, used to control preemergent
pests. The exacerbated use of pesticides can cause an imbalance in the production of
reactive species, which can trigger a series of problems, including behavioral changes, oxidative
and enzymatic damage, as well as damage to DNA and RNA. In this sense, research on the effects
of this pesticide using alternative models such as zebrafish, are extremely relevant in scientific
circles, considering that this work is, until then, a pioneer in the relationship between adult
zebrafish versus Clomazone® / Gamit360CS®. To assess the potential toxicological risks of
Clomazone® and Gamit360CS®, the animals were exposed to five different concentrations (0.5;
1.0; 2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 mg / L-1), by a 96h period, in addition to the control group that was not
exposed. For the micronucleus analysis, blood tissue was used, with the smear technique, the
behavioral analyzes, the animals were individually conditioned in the light-dark apparatus, where
the following behavioral parameters were observed: latency between the areas, time in the dark,
transitions between the areas of the apparatus and risk assessment. A decrease in AChE levels
was observed in brain tissue, in tissue. In GST levels, in brain and gill tissue there was an increase
in levels, in muscle tissue GST showed uneven results. Regarding oxidative damage, lipid
peroxidation, there was an increase in brain tissue, whereas in branchial tissue there was a
significant increase, especially when exposed to 10.0 mg / L-1, in muscle tissue there was no
significant difference in the results. As for the levels of non-protein thiols, no difference in results
was observed in all tissues examined. The behavioral tests showed results of anxiety-like
behavior, as there was an increase in latency between the areas of the apparatus, there was an
increase in the scototaxis of two groups exposed to the herbicide, as well as an increase in risk
exploitation in an exposed group. Genotoxicity tests for micronucleus were found to be within
the normal range for micronucleus, but several nuclear anomalies of the Cariorrexe type,
indicating a high genotoxicity of Gamit360CS®. We can conclude that both Clomazone® and
Gamit360CS® have toxicity levels. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to verify the
toxicity and genotoxicity of the herbicide Clomazone® and Gamit360CS®, using zebrafish as
an experimental organism. For that, it was analyzing behavioral data, antioxidant activity of
enzymatic and non-enzymatic molecules, and, lipid damage.