Dissertação
Fatores determinantes da modernização agrícola na região sul do Brasil
Fecha
2021-02-10Autor
Galle, Vitor
Institución
Resumen
Over the years, Brazilian agricultural production has grown and stood out nationally
and internationally due to technological advances and global demand for food.
Brazilian agribusiness is one of the main players and agro-industrial producers in the
world, besides it is one of the largest exporters of soy, orange, beef, pork and poultry.
Its production and exports generate jobs, income and development apart from
representing a large share of the Gross Domestic Product - GDP, generating balance
in the Brazilian trade balance. Factors such as climate, relief, soil, rainfall, labor,
technology employed and promoting public policies for production make Brazil one of
the main food producers in the world. In order to identify the conditioning factors of
agricultural modernization in the municipalities of the States of Rio Grande do Sul,
Santa Catarina and Paraná, the factor analysis technique was used to calculate the
Agricultural Modernization Index (AMI) so as to hierarchize the municipalities of the
three States of the southern region of Brazil in terms of agricultural modernization.
Then, Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) was applied to analyze how spatial
distribution occurs in relation to the intensity of the modernization of agriculture in the
three States of the southern region. The main contribution of the study focuses on
answering whether there has been agricultural modernization in the southern
Brazilian region over the years and, more specifically, in the last agricultural census
in 2006 and 2017. This investigation is supported by previous studies on this theme
and covers the entire southern region of the country, given its economic, productive
and agricultural potential. Main results obtained show that the municipalities that
obtained a high index of agricultural modernization are located in the northwestern
and eastern center mesoregions of Rio Grande do Sul, in the Vale do Itajaí and west
of Santa Catarina and west, central north and metropolitan mesoregions of Paraná.
These regions concentrate several of the main agricultural producers of soy, corn,
rice, wheat, cultivation of vines and horticultural, orchard and farm products besides
allocating large cities with industrial development for agribusiness. Thus, through the
Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), it was possible to corroborate the
hypothesis that the spatial distribution of the modernization of agriculture is not
random due to the positive correlation of the AMI. In this sense, through the analysis
of LISA cluster maps, two different types of well-defined clusters were identified for
2006 and 2017. The first well-defined was of the high-high type (HH) and the second
of the low-low type (LL). Finally, it can be said that in a certain way, there is a
relativity in the Agricultural Modernization Index, because there is a contrast between
the most developed regions in relation to the least developed ones, so generalizing
that the municipalities are really technologically developed is imprecise.