Tese
Formação em residência multiprofissional e a atuação na atenção básica em saúde: um estudo em serviços públicos municipais da região sul do Brasil
Fecha
2018-05-23Autor
Miolo, Silvana Basso
Institución
Resumen
Objective: To demonstrate the potential of training and participation of health professions not included
in current Primary Care teams from the conception of professionals involved in Multiprofessional Health
Residency Programs developed in municipal public services at Southern Brazil. Materials and
methods: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive study with qualitative-quantitative analysis.
Data were collected from May to September 2016 through an electronic questionnaire available in
Google Drive, consisting of closed and open questions, considering the relationship of Multiprofessional
Health Residency Programs for Primary Care, provided by the National Commission of Multiprofessional
Residency in Health; subsequently, Coordinators of the aforementioned Programs were contacted in
order to authorize the research by sending the e-mail list of their Tutors, Preceptors, Second Year
Residents, Egresses and Dropouts, to which the questionnaire composed of items that made possible
sociodemographic identification and professional training of the participants were sent, as well as it was
possible to understand the vision of participants and also their views on the participation of other
professions other than Nursing and Medicine, traditional areas that make up the minimum teams of
Primary Health Care. The information obtained from open questions was approached by the technique
of content analysis by Bardin. Results: A total of 100 professionals participated in this study: one
Coordinator, four Coordinators/Tutors, 19 Tutors, 14 Preceptors, 22 Residents, 37 Egresses, 3
Dropouts; 31% belong to the professional category of nurses, 13% of dental surgeons, 12% of
psychologists, 9% of pharmacists, 7% for professional categories of social assistants, physical
educators, speech therapists and nutritionists, 5% physiotherapists and 1% occupational therapist and
veterinarian. The female sex predominated (89%). The mean age of all subjects was 33.19 years.
Regarding the professional qualification of the teaching and assistance staff of Multiprofessional Health
Residency Programs, 80% of Coordinators and 84.2% of Tutors were trained for Collective Health,
Public Health or Higher Education. In the same way, 92.9% of Preceptors have at least one
specialization that contemplates these subjects. For 50% of Residents, Egresses and Dropouts, the
preparation for Primary Health Care during graduation was insufficient, others considered: 19.3%
sufficient, 16.1% precarious, 13% adequate and 1.61% full. Regarding Egresses, 45.9% considered that
the Multiprofessional Residency Program fully and 35.1% adequately contributed for their personal and
professional formation. Dropout left the residence because they began working. Most professionals 63%
stated that other professionals, in addition to nurses and physicians, should compose the teams for
Primary Care, appearing as categories - epidemiology and linkage with, 31% reiterated their
participation in family health support modality and 6% have chosen both. Regarding Pedagogical
Projects, Tutors and Preceptors attributed the lack of time and the teaching-service relationship as the
greatest difficulties to perform their functions. Final Considerations: The Residency Programs were
powerful trainers of health professionals to work in Primary Care. They provided experiences in Primary
Care that allowed participants from different professions to reflect that the current model at the time of
data collection, Support Centers for Family Health, does not have the power to transform the reality of
health conditions to Brazilian population. It is defended new guidelines for organization and participation
of different professions in Primary Care, expanding the basic team within other professionals, so that
they can provide direct care to users. In this sense, Multiprofessional Residency Programs are
reinforcers, on the one hand, of a new professional formation in health and, on the other hand, of the
current organizational proposal.