Patrimônio cultural material imóvel e a herança da colonização italiana na Quarta Colônia de imigração italiana do RS: os Capitéis de São João do Polêsine

Abstract

Italian immigration changed the social structure of Brazil and the state of Rio Grande do Sul, leaving a cultural and architectural legacy that was doomed to neglect. The religiosity present in the immigrant's life produced material goods such as little chapels, small chapels erected to the saints of devotion, in thanks or requests for promises, usually located by the way, constructions brought by immigrants and reproduced specifically in parts of the south of the country. This work deals with the little chapels built by Italian immigrants in the municipality of São João do Polêsine, belonging to the Fourth Colony of Italian immigration of Rio Grande do Sul. In order to recognize and preserve the material cultural heritage bequeathed by Italian immigration, the present study performs the survey and mapping for the purpose of architectural inventory of these little chapels. Methodologically, the theoretical and conceptual basis of relevant issues for research was first carried out, such as Italian immigration to Brazil and the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the religiosity of immigrants, the Fourth Colony of Italian immigration, the municipality of São João do Polêsine, the cultural heritage, material cultural heritage of Italian immigration in RS, the architecture of immigration, religious architecture of immigration, specific aspects about the little chapels and finally, about the architectural inventory. Then, the physical and photographic survey of the six capitals located in the municipality, analysis of the characteristics, redesign of five of the specimens and filling in the inventory sheets, using the IPHAE Cultural Tracking sheet for M01 built goods as a model. From these analyzes and data, the final products of this dissertation were generated, the mapping in the format of the Cycling Little Chapels Route, the booklet on the inventoried specimens, for dissemination material and the banners, as expository material. As a conclusion, it is intended that this content, from the little chapels, contributes to the knowledge and consequent valorization and preservation of all the material and immaterial architectural heritage inherited from Italian immigration, as well as to start a work to be disseminated to the other cities of the country. Fourth Colony, in order to encourage its continuity, always with the intention of preserving its assets as a whole.