Dissertação
Controle individual de passo para turbinas eólicas utilizando controlador adaptativo
Fecha
2019-02-26Autor
Morim, Ricardo Bortoluzzi
Institución
Resumen
This Master Thesis deals with the problem of reducing the resulting asymmetrical
mechanical loads on the structure of large wind turbines, with horizontal axis and three
blades, by means of individual pitch control of the blades. The coordinate systems are
described, as well as the model of wind turbine for the design and simulation of controllers.
The algorithms and control strategies most commonly used for mitigating mechanical
loads are reviewed, in addition to the instrumentation necessary to this purpose. State
observers are also studied, where their importance is verified to optimize the instrumentation
and to give robustness to the measures of the signals, even in case of sensor failure.
In order to deal with the problem of asymmetric mechanical loads, an individual pitch
control system based on a Robust Model Reference Adaptive Controller (RMRAC) is
proposed, with the description of its design and the simulation of the individual pitch
control system using the Fatigue Aerodynamics Structures and Turbulence (FAST) software.
Furthermore, a comparison is presented with the individual pitch control using a
Proportional Integral controller (PI). The effectiveness of the controllers in reducing the
mechanical loads on the wind turbine is evaluated by means of the measures of the signals
at the strategic points of the wind turbine, according to the recommendations of the
standard IEC 61400-13. By means of graphical analysis, in time and frequency domain, it
is concluded that the RMRAC controller presents similar performance to the PI, but with
less interference in frequencies adjacent to the frequency of interest and better adaptation
to the variation of the wind speed, in the nominal wind power generation range. Thus,
individual pitch control using Robust Model Reference Adaptive Controller is feasible to
be implemented for the experimental evaluation.
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