masterThesis
Meio século de arquitetura: um panorama da produção modernista natalense (1930-1980) em um repositório de estudos disciplinares
Fecha
2018-06-13Registro en:
OLIVEIRA, Maria Heloísa Alves de. Meio século de arquitetura: um panorama da produção modernista natalense (1930-1980) em um repositório de estudos disciplinares. 2018. 210f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo) - Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2018.
Autor
Oliveira, Maria Heloísa Alves de
Resumen
Natal, capital city of the state of Rio Grande do Norte has witnessed the spreading of the
modern architecture language since the 1930s. However, from the 1980 decade, there
has been a fierce phenomenon of dilapidation of older buildings, especially modernist
ones, mostly located within economically valuable areas, which have been intensely
subject to high-rise constructions. This process has motivated the assemblage of
iconographical records – textual and imagetic information concerning modernist and premodernist
buildings – about local architecture, collected from course work carried out by
undergraduate students since the 1980s, which have been housed in the archives of the
research group on Morphology and Use of Space (MUsA - Morfologia e Usos da
Arquitetura – UFRN). This dissertation is part of such effort. In view of the opportunity to
bring together those iconographic fragments in order to compose a panorama of the
architecture produced in Natal between the years 1930s and 1980s, a repository of data
concerning the recorded buildings, some of which scattered from different sources, was
constructed and organised in file cards (137 academic work pieces originated 222 cards),
which enabled the morphological analysis of each case, and its classification. This was
accomplished in the light of valuation criteria tables based on a formal canon derived
from the views expressed by authors who approach the subject of modern architecture,
focusing on the Northeast region. The criteria include three categories: (1) the buildingplot-block-surroundings
relationship; (2) built shell; (3) structure/construction aspects;
(4) spatial aspects; (5) environmental/climatic adaptations and (6) other elements. A
panorama of modern architecture in Natal was, therefore, outlined and classified into
four morphological groups: the first (1930-1950) comprises the proto-modern
production that displays the first signs of architectural renovation in Natal; the second
(1950-1960) reflects the dissemination period of the modern formal lexicon in Natal,
when the plastic possibilities of reinforced concrete were being highly explored; the third
(1860-1970) witnesses the diffusion of exposed natural materials and façades in which
structure and sealing elements are distinguished. The fourth, and last group, contains the
architectural production that prevailed in the 1970s and 1980s, stressing affinities with
brutalist manifestations, and the adoption of formal elements borrowed from Brazilian
colonial style.