Desenvolvimento e caracterização de um compósito polimérico reforçado com resíduos têxteis de tecido de Juta e malha de poliéster

Abstract

The worldwide concern of modern society to reduce the environmental impact and find solutions for the depletion of nonrenewable natural resources has encouraged the research and development of sustainable materials through the reuse of industrial waste, generating economy, social development and improvements to the environment, environment.The present work intends to contribute to the environmental preservation through the development and characterization of a laminated polymeric composite having the unsaturated polyester as matrix and using as reinforcing element, textile waste, jute fabrics and knitted fabrics, these materials, with high added value and low cost and which are normally discarded for the environment. Five composite laminates were developed in a die-cast mold, interleaving jute fabric and polyester mesh with% fiber content ranging from 14% to 38% by weight. The performance of the composites was analyzed by techniques for the determination of the mechanical properties of tensile strength (ASTM D638) and flexural strength (ASTM D790), thermal properties (crystalline melting temperature and DSC glass transition and TGA degradation temperature) Optical analysis of fractures by scanning electron microscopy SEM, also determined the water absorption profile (ASTM D570-98). In this work we also sought to improve the performance of the composites by the superficial treatment of alkalinization of the jute fabrics in the proportions of 5%, 7% and 10% NaOH and compare them with the untreated composites. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed in order to verify some change in fiber crystallinity after the chemical treatment of alkalinization. The results showed that the composites that had the best performance to obtain the mechanical properties were with the reinforcement content of 31% (6J / 5M) in Tissue mass, with a tensile strength increase of 85% The tensile test and 15% for the flexural test, (7J / 6M), compared to the pure resin. As for the result concerning the water absorption test of the composites, an increase in water absorption was observed as the% increase in mass, reaching a 4.8% absorption. The analysis of the XRD and FTIR showed changes in cellulose crystallinity and in the bands of some functional groups, respectively, indicating a morphological change in the fibers of the jute fabric as the chemical treatment of alkalinization. Thermal analysis showed greater thermal stability of the NaOH treated fibers.