masterThesis
Modernização agrícola nos municípios da região do MATOPIBA: uma aplicação de análise fatorial e espacial
Fecha
2021-12-10Registro en:
BATISTA, Maria Larissa Bezerra. Modernização agrícola nos municípios da região do MATOPIBA: uma aplicação de análise fatorial e espacial. 2021. 101f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia) - Centro de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2021.
Autor
Batista, Maria Larissa Bezerra
Resumen
Agricultural modernization can be understood as the restructuring of the technical base of the
category, that is, the increasing use of raw materials and modern production methods, such as
fertilizers, soil improvers, and seed improvement, as well as the intensification of the use of
machinery, such as tractors, harvesters, and seeders, in order to increase the productivity of land
and labor factors. This entire transformation process entails technical changes in the production
system, a phase that is also characterized by a greater rationality in the enterprise and the
insertion of technological innovations, which includes more sophisticated harvesting practices.
In this regard, modernization leads to the industrialization of agriculture, which is related to
changes in the relationship between man and nature, in the social elements of production and
work tools. In Brazil, the MATOPIBA region, formed by the border municipalities of the states
of Maranhão (MA), Tocantins (TO), Piauí (PI), and Bahia (BA), is identified in the literature
as the last agricultural frontier in the country, resulting from the advance of agribusiness and
the growth of a production model which is supported by high mechanization. Over the last
years, the dynamics of land occupation in the MATOPIBA region have undergone major and
rapid transformations, due to the growth of agricultural activities, with a new economic way of
exploitation of the territory, based on grain cultivation. On this basis, the objective of this
research is to study the process of agricultural modernization in MATOPIBA, with data
collected from the Agricultural Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
(IBGE), for the year 2017. To this end, the methodologies used consist of the application of
exploratory Factor Analysis (FA), Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), and the
estimation of the SAC spatial model, having the agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as
the dependent variable, and the factors obtained by FA as the independent variables. The results
found have indicated the presence of seven factors, which together explain 81.84 percent of the
total variance of the original data, named, respectively, intensive agricultural activity
capitalization, intensive exploration of the land factor, intensive machinery and traditional
agricultural implements, intensive labor-capital relationship and extension practices, intensive
use of pesticides in agricultural activity, intensive technology for exploited land, and intensive
capitalization with labor and infrastructure aspects. Only the intensive agricultural activity
capitalization (F1), the intensive exploration of the land factor (F2), and the intensive machinery
and traditional agricultural implements (F3), were statistically significant. Therefore, it is
possible to conclude that the concentration of some factors in certain areas was identified and
that the region, as a whole, cannot yet be considered as having highly mechanized agriculture,
considering that there is no strong use of modern tools and inputs in the agricultural
establishments since almost 60 percent of the municipalities were classified as having a low
degree of agricultural modernization.