masterThesis
Caracterização e avaliação da atividade pecuária na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Doce RN
Fecha
2019-03-22Registro en:
COSTA JÚNIOR, Marcos Félix da. Caracterização e avaliação da atividade pecuária na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Doce RN. 2019. 80f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente) - Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2019.
Autor
Costa Júnior, Marcos Félix da
Resumen
This dissertation aimed to characterize the animal husbandry production in the
watershed of the Rio Doce-BHRD, located in the eastern portion of the State of Rio
Grande do Norte. To this end, documentary and bibliographical revision were carried out,
with the aim of support theoretically and give directions for discussions as well as to
direct the data collection in the field. Also, cartographic survey was carried out for BHRD,
designed for the spatialization and interpretation of data. The choice of the watershed as
geographical analysis scale is justified, because it was possible to follow anthropogenic
changes in the landscape, as well as to spatialize the concentration of animal husbandry
production throughout the basin. In this sense, the dissertation was built in two articles.
In the first, a temporal analysis of evolution and changes in animal husbandry production
in the municipalities belonging to BHRD from 2005 to 2016 was carried out. The data
were obtained from the Brazilian geography and Statistics Institute (IBGE). The use of
spreadsheets, allowed the construction of charts and graphs. The results showed a
decrease in animal husbandry production, generally caused by urban growth in the
vicinity of the urban area of Natal city, by a period of drought in the region and by the
reduction of investment by public and private institutions. The western part of the basin
stands out for the animal husbandry production of large animals. The central part by the
creation of large animals, such as cattle and horses and small as sheep, goats, pigs and
poultry. The eastern portion of the basin has subsistence-oriented production. In the
second chapter aimed to characterize the main types of animal husbandry production in
the BHRD and the concentration of animals by type of farming and total, with a focus on
detecting regions with greater potential for changes in environmental characteristics . The
data for farms were obtained in in IDIARN, for the year 2017. These data were stored in
a Geographic database and processed in the GIS QGIS ESSEN 2.14. To the concentration
of animal husbandry production by type and in general, the interpolation type IDW was
used for obtaining the patches of concentration of animal husbandry production. It was
observed that the bovine herd is predominant in the basin, in central part and in the springs
of the Mudo river, Western portion of the basin, followed by the chickens, on the North
Central and the pigs, in the South-central part. To a lesser extent, the horses are in the
more southwest portion of the basin. All in all, the basin featured a concentration of
animal husbandry production in its East-Central portion, influenced by the bovine and
poultry creations. It is understood that special attention is needed in the areas which
presented higher concentrations of animal husbandry production, so there are no negative
environmental impacts in the watershed. It is suggested to establish, for these areas, clear
criteria governing the animal husbandry production environmental laws in force, in order
to preserve the local environment. The importance of the natural resources of the basin is
ratified, especially with regard to water quality mainly to the North area of Natal city. It
is considered that more detailed studies are necessary in order to deepen discussions on
production animal husbandry, that meets the needs of the man and the preservation of
natural resources. Finally, this study serves as a guiding tool for public policy and
management of animal husbandry production in watersheds, as well contributes to the
local development in a sustainable manner.