Construção e monitoramento de um destilador solar para tratamento de lixiviado de aterros sanitários

Abstract

The landfill is the most usual and recommended form for the storage of solid waste and although this is considered a safe treatment technique, the disposal and compaction of this waste produces, through chemical and biological reactions, emissions of gases and liquid effluents, called leachate. Leachate can cause environmental damage, such as contamination of soil, groundwater and rivers, and its treatment is a major challenge. Due to its polluting character, leachate needs specific treatment in order to minimize its polluting potential. In this sense, the objective of this study was to build and analyze the use of a solar distiller for the treatment of leachate. The distiller configuration was defined through bibliographic surveys of articles found on the main research portals. From the researched references, it was possible to define the main characteristics of the distiller, as well as the materials and their geometry. In the development of the distiller it was possible to analyze and correct characteristics in order to make it more efficient and aligned with the main studies. For experiments, the leachate from the landfill of the metropolitan region of Natal/RN, belonging to the Braseco company, was used. The average efficiency of the distiller in leachate tests ranged from 1.82% to 5.27%. Despite the low efficiency when compared to the tests with leachate and water, the distiller presented in the tests with leachate a uniformity in distilled volumes, evaporating an average of 300 ml per day. The condensate collected presented favorable characteristics for treatment, such as the absence of total and thermotolerant coliforms, transparent liquid and decreased dissolved solids, so the distiller can be an ally to the treatment of leachate.