A regulação do sequestro geológico de carbono como instrumento de fomento ao desenvolvimento na indústria do petróleo brasileira

Abstract

The increasing exploitation of oil wells in recent decades contributed to the promotion of world economic development, benefiting sectors such as industry, commerce, and social. However, the environment has been suffering from increased oil exploration. The burning of fossil fuels emits polluting gases to atmosphere, also known as Greenhouse Gases - GHGs, including carbon dioxide - CO2, bringing negative consequences such as an increase in the hole in the ozone layer and global warming. Thus, many countries like Norway, have begun to mobilize in order to protect the environment, promoting international coverage of meetings and conferences, such as the Kyoto Conference, held in Japan, where it was produced the Kyoto Protocol, which established countries targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and introduced mechanisms that help in the search of this reduction. Among the presented mechanisms there is the Clean Development Mechanism - CDM that allows the participation of developing countries in the pursuit of mitigation of GHG emissions, and the mechanism "Geological Carbon Sequestration - CCGs", having as main functions to capture, CO2 transport and storage in suitable containers. Some developed countries, such as Canada, already use this mechanism to reduce the emission of CO2 and thus achieve their goals set in the Kyoto Protocol. The CCGs presents itself as an ideal mechanism for Brazil, considered in development, and may contribute to developed countries in achieving their GHG emission reduction targets, benefiting economically through carbon credit. This requires a specific regulation for the use of CCGs, in order to provide greater legal certainty and encourage the participation of interested in investing in this mechanism.