Dissertação
Galactomanana de fava-d’anta: caracterização e aplicação
Fecha
2021-06-30Autor
Eliana Fernandes Souza
Institución
Resumen
The North of Minas Gerais is one of the regions that do most the extractivism of the fruits of the favela or fava-d'anta (Dimorphandra mollis Benth.), which are destined for the extraction of flavonoids. Fruits are usually collected while still unripe, before having fully formed seeds, which are rich in technological quality galactomannan. Galactomannan is used as an emulsifier, stabilizer and thickener by industry. The ripe fruits of fava-d’anta, which are not accepted by the flavonoid market, could be a source of galactomannan and also of flavonoids. In this way, there could be the most profitable enjoyment of the species. The objectives of the work were: a) estimate the productivity of fruits and chemical compounds in Cerrado areas; b) evaluate galactomannan extraction techniques; c) perform the physicochemical characterization of galactomannans; d) analyze the flavonoid content in mature D. mollis fruits; and, e) develop technological application for post-harvest treatment of banana fruits. In the estimation of productivity, the fruits of D. mollis were collected with the aid of a trimmer in the Bonito de Minas region in 2018 and 2019, in 50 plots of 1000 m2. Morphological analysis were performed on mature fruits from the regions of Bonito de Minas, São João da Lagoa, Montes Claros and Olhos-d’água. The fruits were crushed, obtaining two fractions of husks with different particle sizes, and the rutin content in the husks was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The galactomannan from D. mollis seeds from Bonito de Minas region was characterized by techniques of thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared and protein. The gel from the seeds of D. mollis together with the essential oil of the Pepper. dioic was applied as a coating on bananas. The average yield of galactomannan in relation to seed mass was 41.5%. The productivity estimate of galactomannan per hectare in 2018 was 90.5 ± 55.2 g and in 2019, it was 173.2 ± 135.2 g per hectare. Galactomannan has good thermal stability and yield. The concentrated extract of the fraction of thin and thick husks presented respectively 70.08% of rutin and 56.25% of rutin. The gel coating of the D. mollis seeds with P. dioic essential oil showed potential for use in the conservation of banana cv. Silver.