Dissertação
Belo Horizonte, as bicicletas e a utopia como estratégia de luta : uma cicloviagem pela contínua busca para transição ciclável na capital mineira e um olhar sobre a experiência de Fortaleza
Fecha
2020-07-14Autor
Guilherme Lara Camargos Tampieri
Institución
Resumen
This bicycle travel begins by presenting the tools used by the author over almost 15
years of militancy defending and promoting urban mobility by bicycle in Belo Horizonte
and other cities in Brazil: cycling through the streets; performing direct actions in public
spaces; structuring and execute advocacy processes in the institutional policy; and
carry out research on the topic. From there, the author's desire to structure the
research is born, bringing several lenses through which one can read, understand and
systematize what in this research will be called Bicycle Policy - or the whole set of
policies, plans, programs and measures that promote the use of the bicycle as part of
the mobility system of a given territory. The first chapter starts from a cross-scale
analysis, from the author's body to the international discussion on bicycle mobility,
covering a long journey on how cities were shaped over the 20th and 21st centuries
to accommodate automobiles, in a process that excluded the bicycles and cyclists. At
the end of the chapter, it is understood how cities, especially due to the role of social
movements and organizations, (re)shed light on Bicycle Politics and contributed to
what Olivier Razemon called the “cycling transition”. Next, the Toolbox (chapter 2) is
presented, with the objective of expanding the possibilities of reading about the Bicycle
Policy, highlighting two of them: the three dimensions of measures that must compose
a bicycle policy - Hardware (Infrastructure), Orgware (Governance) and Software (Soft
Measures), by Harms et al.; and the Système Vélo, or Bicycle System, a concept
developed by Frédéric Héran that brings a series of components that together make
up the System, and can contribute to increasing bicycle use in cities. With the set of
tools in hand, we move on to Chapter 4, making a historical analysis of how Belo
Horizonte, from 2005 to 2020, produced its Bicycle System as a palimpsest, covering
challenges, advances and setbacks experienced in the capital from Minas Gerais,
Brazil, in a passionate narrative, told mostly from the voices of organizations and social
movements that seek their city utopias - or utopian cities. Then, a comparison is made
of the historical process of Fortaleza, a national reference city in stimulating the use
of bicycles, as a counter-narrative to what happened in Belo Horizonte. After cycling
the route, using other methodological instruments, such as requesting access to
information, interviews with local actors and research in public information sources, it
is concluded that several elements of a Bicycle System can weigh positively or
negatively on the end result of a Bicycle Policy. The adoption of the Toolbox as a
methodological analysis tool was important to enter the Bicycle Systems of Belo
Horizonte and Fortaleza, exposing them in their weaknesses, strengths and
challenges to be overcome. It was concluded that Belo Horizonte, a reference in
mobility planning, was unable to manage its policy, follow its objectives and achieve
its goals for mobility by bicycle. Fortaleza still has great challenges in the production
of urban space, including and excluding the bicycle in a daily and contradictory
movement in urban planning and management.