Dissertação
O índio e seu duplo, Brasil: nação e povos indígenas nos discursos presidenciais de posse (1985 – 2015)
Fecha
2021-10-22Autor
Francisco Humberto Bernardes de Oliveira
Institución
Resumen
The objecti
ve of this research was to specifically analyze the representation of the “Índio”
constructed in presidential inaugural speeches during the period of Brazilian
redemocratization, from 1985 to 2015. We were interested in identifying the “place” of
indigenou s peoples in the pr ocess of construction of national ideology in Brazil in the post
military dictatorship context. This modality or subtype of political discourse was chosen
for two themes found in the speeches which serve as material to investigate th e
(re)construction of the idea of nation articulated with the “questão indígena”. First, in the
inaugural speeches we find imagined ideals for the future of the country, voiced by the then
presidents. Second, the remembrance, and constant (re)imagination , of a common past as a
nation. These characteristics are present in all the inaugural pronouncements of the period
(LUZ, 2014). We were also interested in identifying how the “índio” is inserted (and if so), as
well as which or which representations of the "ìndio" and which "índios" were present/absent
in the construction of the inaugural pronouncements, always taking into account the rights
conquered and threatened during the cut out period. In order to examine the political and
social context when dealing with discourse, o ur theoretical contribution, in a general
framework, consisted of the critique of ideology and discourse analysis (THERBORN, 1980;
ORLANDI, 1990, 2007a, 2007b, 2008, 2012). In order to understand the issues regarding
national ideology, we use the notions f ound in Almeida (1995, 2014) as the main theoretical
support. To think about indigenous peoples, we relied mainly on studies from anthropology
and indigenism, such as those by Pacheco de Oliveira (1993, 1998, 2006, 2016), Cunha
(1993, 2009, 2018) and Cardo so de Oliveira (1976), in addition to other authors in the field.
We understand that working with the political discourse, especially with the speech of the
presidents of the republic, is opportune due to the institutional dimension of these
pronouncements and the legitimacy of their enunciators as spokespersons for the nation.