Prevenção e tratamento de lesões por pressão em contexto hospitalar por meio de aplicação das estratégias de governança clínica

Abstract

Health institutions have been receiving demanding clients concerned about the quality of care provided. In these institutions, corporate governance makes headway and earns credibility. It is due to the alignment of the management of the business and the management of the health care assistance keeping better results for both sides. As a part of this governance, clinical governance is a tool systematized into pillars of action, applicable to different contexts and health practices. This governance has been providing improvements in the quality of clinical care. It happens due to their policies and guidelines for maintaining and monitoring standards of good practices and results. In this way, as pressure injuries considered a negative factor influencing the assessment of indicator of the quality of care, and also have an impact on care costs, they become a suitable scenario to the application of the clinical governance for their care management. Conceptually, pressure injury is local damage to the underlying skin and / or soft tissues, usually on a bony prominence or related to the use of a medical device or other artifacts resulting from intense and / or prolonged pressure combined with other factors of risk. Based on the aforementioned, it is necessary more effectiveness in the management of this health problem in prevention and treatment moments. This study aimed to develop a pressure injury management tool of inpatients using the clinical governance tool. It is a Convergent Care Research characterized by improvements in healthcare and nursing practice through the introduction of innovations in this context. The data gathered in a systematic scoping literature review of the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Scopus, e Web of Science databases. The sample of 63 articles analyzed was from 1999 to 2019 in Portuguese, Spanish and English. The main strategies identified were equipment and materials for prevention, good practices care, education and training, risk assessment, multi-professional involvement, related to the participation of managers in the process, audit, change in behavior and culture, administrative support, nutrition, implementation of a program for incontinent, selection of a team with an interest in the area, monthly control of indicators and dissemination of them, communication, commitment, records, wound commission, specialized professional, survey of equipment present at the institution and cost analysis. An instrument for the management of pressure injuries was created based on these results. The instrument has strategies of prevention directed at the interdisciplinary team and of measurements of the process effectiveness. It concluded that the management of pressure injuries must have the purpose of managing the prevention and treatment processes, providing adequate care for each type of client according to their risk of developing the injury. The literature review demonstrated that an incidence reduction of pressure injury in hospitals is needed, but to do that depends on the quality of nursing care associated with a whole process of strategic management of injuries. It is noteworthy that this process must have the involvement of managers, an interdisciplinary team and the use of innovative technologies, in addition to the continuous support of a stomatherapist nurse. The stomatherapist nurse can measure the effectiveness of the entire process and educate the entire care team about the issue.