Prospecção de potenciais antivirais para o tratamento de Flavivírus, com ênfase em Zika Vírus

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to seek, in the literature, how it has been the prospecting of antiviral for the treatment of Flavivirus, with emphasis on Zika virus. The importance of this work lies in the recognition of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of diseases by Flavivirus, in particular by ZIKV, due to the high prevalence of neurological complications related to this Flavivirus. For the accomplishment of this work, the academic search sites of PUBMED, LILACS and SCIELO were searched. The Flavivirus has an envelop and consists of simple, linear and sense-positive RNA genome. They are transmitted by a vector, the Aedes sp. The ZIKV possesses three structural proteins (proteins E, C and prM) and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5). A previous genetic study using sequence of nucleotides derived from NS5 genes indicated 2 lineages of ZIKV: African (East and West) and Asian. The ZIKV was isolated in 1947 in Uganda. The Asian lineage spread from the Pacific Ocean to Central America, South America and Brazil, via Southeast Asia. The diagnosis of ZIKV is based on clinical manifestations (rash, arthralgias, low fever and conjunctivitis), and detection of nucleic acid (PCR) and antibodies (MAC ELISA). This is a virus that causes neurological complications, especially Microcephaly and Guillain Barré syndrome. For the treatment of Flavivirus and ZIKV was studied synthetic medicines aimed at kinases and tirosinases, analogues of nucleoside, inhibitors of protease NS2B-NS3; and repurposed medicines in medical clinic, some synthetics, besides natural medicines. New studies could also be conducted on Chikungunya, because it presents the same vector and co-circulate with the viruses of DENV and ZIKV