Dissertação
Características sociodemográficas e clínicas dos pacientes submetidos ao implante de dispositivos cardíacos eletrônicos em um Hospital Universitário
Fecha
2019-05-30Autor
Djalma Vieira Cristo Neto
Institución
Resumen
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute the most relevant public health problem worldwide because they are the main causes of morbidity and mortality, generating a high economic and social burden to countries. In this context, as consequence of this group of diseases or due to other causes that affect the functioning of the heart, cases of heart failure have increased, especially those that occur due to failures or disturbances of the electrical system of the heart. Thus, one of the therapeutic approaches to dysfunctionality of this electrical system is the implantation of electronic heart devices. Some studies have pointed out the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients undergoing this procedure; however, they are punctual and do not reflect possible temporal trends due to demographic and epidemiological transitions. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients undergoing pacemaker implantation and implantable cardiodefibrillator. To this end, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 2,763 adult patients (≥ 18 years) who underwent electronic heart device implantation from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2017 at a teaching hospital in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Regarding these characteristics, there was an increase in the proportion of elderly patients, married / stable union and divorced, with average level of education and coming from Belo Horizonte over the analyzed period. Clinically, patients with arrhythmogenic diseases class II heart failure predominated in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, who received pacemaker implants and active in the service. Regarding these characteristics, there was a proportional increase in patients with structural heart disease, class III heart failure in NYHA classification, who received implants from other types of pacemaker devices, active in the service. In addition, there was a decrease in the proportion of deaths in the analyzed period. It was concluded that the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients who underwent implantation of electronic heart devices varied over time, following similar changes observed with demographic and epidemiological transitions. Therefore, health services and teams at all levels of the care network should be aware of these changes and, in the case of nursing, propose actions for health promotion and prevention of CVD in order to reduce the impact of this group. diseases for Brazilian public health.