Ingeniería de tejido óseo: consideraciones básicas

Abstract

Usually bone tissue loss caused by trauma, osteonecrosis, and tumors has been treated using autograft, allograft, xenograft, and implantation of substitute materials. Each of these treatments has significant limitations, like availability of sufficient donor tissue, disease transmission, donor site morbidity, and inability of materials to remodel and react against physiological conditions. For all these reasons there is a need for alternative bone replacement procedures. Tissue Engineering aims to satisfy this need by the development of bone substitutes using different cell types, three-dimensional matrixes (scaffolds), in a medium supplemented with growth factors. The present review is focused in Bone Tissue Engineering and its most important aspects.