Modelo de inundación mediante el uso de vehículos aéreos no tripulados en la cuenca media del Río Magdalena, en el municipio de La Dorada, Caldas

Abstract

La Dorada, Caldas, is a town that has floods during wet seasons with rainfall ranging between 60 and 120 mm / month. These floods are caused by the increase in the volume of water and subsequent overflow of the Magdalena River, especially in the eastern end of the municipal seat; generating negative effects on the local economy (based on livestock, agriculture, fishing and tourism) and public health, because the social and civil infrastructure is affected. The morphology of the river on its arrival to the town presents a meander that can become the cause for which the river, increasing its volume, runs its course through the populated center. By means of a hydrodynamic model, it was possible to determine in this investigation the course of the river when it exceeds the flood level of the municipality. This model was carried out with the IBER program v.2.4.2, which determines and analyzes the fluvial variations of natural channels. To allow the operation of the model, contour conditions must be defined, which correspond to the hydrodynamic values of input and output of the model, as well as rugosity values that are determined from the use of the soil, these values are automatically generated by the model , except for the value of the roughness of the river since this is determined by means of calibration. This project not only generated a hydrodynamic flood model, but also compared the methodology of obtaining topographic data by unmanned aerial vehicles with the conventional methodology, evaluating the efficiency levels of each method. The flood model, generated from topography with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV's) allowed us to observe the dynamics of the river, making it possible to evaluate the most affected sectors in the study area and the parts of the river where the flood level begins to be overcome, thus evidencing the points where the river begins to enter through the municipality. The model with unmanned aerial vehicles, managed to determine the course of the flood that was presented in 2011 and 2010 through the municipality, unlike the conventional model in which only the riparian areas of Guaduas, Cundinamarca, Puerto Salgar were flooded , Cundinamarca and the beaches of Bucamba and its surroundings belonging to the municipality of La Dorada. This was due to the fact that the GSD value (Ground Sample Distance) of the digital elevation model of 12.5 m x 12.5m was higher compared to the GSD value generated by the Drone, which was 0.02m x 0.02m, that generates that at the time of creating the mesh, the simulation recognizes the flood points of the model, something that with such a high GSD value cannot be determined. However, the methodology with aerial vehicles presented some disadvantages such as the lack of information in the collection of bathymetric data and the high probability of equipment loss.