Papel de las organizaciones sociales en la construcción de agenda pública frente al desplazamiento forzado. Estudio comparativo entre Colombia y El Salvador

Abstract

Forced displacement constitutes a problem that is rooted in various causes linked to internal conflicts and various expressions of violence, in which human rights of people are violated; Colombia and El Salvador are, at the Latin American level, emblematic cases in which this phenomenon is expressed. Thus, this study compares the processes of public scheduling of the problem of forced displacement, analyzing the dialectical relationship between the trajectories of scheduling and those of social mobilization in the contexts of political opportunity, configured by circumstances, actors, and contingencies in the years of 2010 to present for El Salvador and from 1984 to 1997 for Colombia. The construction of the research instruments was based on elements of the theory of resource mobilization and political opportunity, 10 semi-structured interviews were carried out with actors of social organizations related to the phenomenon of study for later analysis, through an exercise in coding narratives. The results indicate that social organizations, in both cases, have exerted a leading role of “suspension structures” between the demands of different social actors and the States. Likewise, it is highlighted for the Colombian case how the “broad identities” configure a scenario of social mobilization by the population victims of displacement; unlike El Salvador where the profile of victims is not focused on identities with organizational processes and prior struggle. The work also highlights the dissimilar results between the two countries in terms of the role of governments in the path of planning the problem.