Lombriz californiana Eisenia foetida (Savigny,1826) como bioindicador de la concentración letal 50 (CL50) de diferentes plaguicidas: Una revisión

Abstract

The application of pesticides in agronomic activity is very important to control pests. However, these pesticides could be generating a high environmental hazard causing collateral damages to the soil biota. To verify this hypothesis, it was necessary, through ecotoxicology tests, to analyze the earthworm Eisenia Foetida in the laboratory. This earthworm was chosen because it has direct contact with the soil and provides important ecosystem services for the sustainability of the agroecosystem. Making use of data obtained in a systematic way, the present review article aims to investigate the relevance of the effects of pesticides on soil biota, studies carried out in different countries of the world such as China, India, USA, Brazil, among others, to evaluate the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of different pesticides using the methodology proposed by the OECD, in which two types of environmental toxicological tests are handled: i) by contact and; ii) artificial soil. These tests differ by the exposure time and the ease of handling it. Within the direct effects on E. Foetida are weight loss, color change, growth decrease, decrease in biomass and fertility. It is finally concluded on the need to determine the appropriate use of pesticides to avoid contamination by bad agricultural practices.