Narración visual de la fotografía en el conflicto armado colombiano: códigos visuales, transformaciones históricas y perspectivas del fotógrafo

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the visual narratives observed from: first, the visual codes that are reflected in some media photographs corresponding to the journalistic coverage and rememoration of the capture of Mitú (1998), El Tigre massacre (1999), El Salado massacre (2000) and the Bojayá massacre (2002); second, the historical and technical transformations that these photographs have in the newspapers El Espectador and El Tiempo, from a comparative space between journalistic coverage and rememoration; and, finally, to recognize the role of photojournalist in covering the Colombian armed conflict. Photography in Colombia has been the object of research, particularly in the field of the arts or from spaces of historical memory; but, in the field of communication, it may not have been of great relevance. This research focuses on the Narratives, Representations and Media Technologies line of research; since, the photography is presented as a tool to glimpse part of reality, but also, it is subject to the intention and perception of reality of the photographer. Therefore, the research is carried out under the content analysis methodology proposed by Manuel Martín Serrano. However, the image is studied from theoretical parameters in the field of semiotics, proposed by Umberto Eco (1994); building an analysis matrix from the different visual codes that he proposes. This in order to sustain that photography consolidates as a mediator in the communicative processes of the conflict, subject to the narrator's intentions, transforming into a photographic archive, which accounts for historical events of the Colombian armed conflict.