Aflojamiento de tornillos de fijación implante-pilar en implantes de conexión cónica interna y conexión hexagonal interna: una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: The design of the implant-abutment connection has a significant attribution to the bearing capacity and failure of the implants. One of the main failures is the loosening of the, which can lead to the appearance of biological problems, such as the infiltration of bacteria through a space. Objective: The purpose of this review is to analyze the presence of implant-abutment fixation screw loosening in implants with internal conical connection and internal hexagonal connection. Methods: In the present systematic review, a sample of 21 articles from the PubMed, Dentistry Oral, Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer Link, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct and Biomed Central databases was included, which met the criteria selection of the study. Results: Screw loosening occurred in 9.5% of all implants, 71.4% of the loosening occurred between 0 and 60 minutes, the torque applied to each of the screws ranges between 20 and 35 Ncm, there is an average loosening of 8.9% for implants with conical connection and 10% for hexagonal connection. Causes of loosening include parafunctional habits, cantilever and arch position, screw head shape, and tissue entrapment. Conclusions: The presence of loosening is multifactorial. The applied torque was on average 30 Ncm, the presence of loosening was greater in the conical connection, however, this may be due to the size of the sample for each connection.