Adultos mayores, longevidad excepcional y factores relacionados: un análisis del censo nacional de población y vivienda 2018

Abstract

Introduction: The progressive aging of the Colombian population and the consequent increase in morbidity and mortality, economic costs in public health make necessary to know the characteristics related to healthy aging. Under this premise, exceptional longevity models have been proposed, in which it is search to study aspects related to successful aging and its edges. The beginning of this task is based on the description of the oldest old, for which the present research proposed the study of the population of Colombian centenarians based on the 2018 National Census. Objective: To determine the sociodemographic and satisfaction in the demand for health services related to exceptional longevity in the Colombian older adult population based on the 2018 National Census. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional observational study, in which the sociodemographic and social variables were analyzed. Health care in relation to age from the data obtained in the 2018 National Housing Population Census through a national descriptive analysis and an exploratory analysis through a representative sample. An exploratory sub-analysis was carried out that includes the departments with the highest representativeness of centenarians in order to know the factors that better explain the exceptional longevity in the Colombian centennial population. Results: in Colombia for 2018 there were 12,226 centenarians and 5,848,754 older adults (60-99 years), the departments with the highest rates of centenarians were Bolívar, Guaviare and Chocó. Regarding sociodemographic characteristics, behavior was similar in both groups, with the exception of marital status, education and work activities. For this year for every man there were 1.38 women, but at the municipal level (El Retorno, Cordoba and Medio Atrato), a greater number of men were observed than centennial women and older adults. In the logistic regression model, it was observed that having a partner (ORa 1.91; 95% CI 1.81 - 2.02), having some level of formal education (ORa 1.69; 95% CI 1.57 - 1.83) , not belonging to any ethnic group (ORa 1.29; 95% CI 1.16 - 1.43) and not presenting any difficulty in daily life (ORa 1.26; 95% CI 1.19 - 1.35) is associated with reaching the centennial age. Conclusions: centenarians are considered a model of exceptional longevity and since 2005 the population in Colombia has been increasing, the findings are in accordance with those observed worldwide, this is the first investigation carried out with the National Population Census from 2018 to the centennial population. These findings open the doors to future research in select groups of georeferenced centenarians that allow a more reliable understanding of the behavior of this population.