Artículo de revista
Role of interleukin-6 in vascular health and disease
Fecha
2021Registro en:
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences March 2021 Volume 8 Article 641734
10.3389/fmolb.2021.641734
Autor
Villar Fincheira, Paulina
Sanhueza Olivares, Fernanda
Norambuena Soto, Ignacio
Cancino Arenas, Nicole
Hernández Vargas, Felipe
Troncoso Cotal, Rodrigo
Gabrielli, Luigi
Chiong Lay, Mario
Institución
Resumen
IL-6 is usually described as a pleiotropic cytokine produced in response to tissue injury or
infection. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6 activates innate and adaptative immune
responses. IL-6 is released in the innate immune response by leukocytes as well as stromal
cells upon pattern recognition receptor activation. IL-6 then recruits immune cells and
triggers B and T cell response. Dysregulated IL-6 activity is associated with pathologies
involving chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, including atherosclerosis. However, IL-6
is also produced and released under beneficial conditions, such as exercise, where IL-6 is
associated with the anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects coupled with physical
adaptation to intense training. Exercise-associated IL-6 acts on adipose tissue to
induce lipogenesis and on arteries to induce adaptative vascular remodeling. These
divergent actions could be explained by complex signaling networks. Classical IL-6
signaling involves a membrane-bound IL-6 receptor and glycoprotein 130 (gp130),
while trans-signaling relies on a soluble version of IL-6R (sIL-6R) and membranebound
gp130. Trans-signaling, but not the classical pathway, is regulated by soluble
gp130. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences in IL-6 cytokine and
myokine signaling to explain the differential and opposite effects of this protein during
inflammation and exercise, with a special focus on the vascular system.