Análisis sobre el abordaje y las conceptualizaciones de la violencia sexual en las políticas públicas generadas entre los años 2012 y 2016 en Colombia

Abstract

Sexual violence has been a social and public health problem worldwide, against in which governments have sought to impact and respond from the generation of public policies. However, it is not clear the effect that these policies can have on the processes of individual and collective recovery, in the face of the serious effects on the physical, psychological and social health generated by this type of violences. As a contribution to the analysis of these public policies in Colombia, the present investigation carries out a review of the topic based on the categories proposed in the model of the sociologist and mathematician Johan Galtung for the analysis of the different forms of violence, adapting the same to the case particular of sexual violence. The triangle of violence of Galtung allows us to recognize the origin and the dynamics of propagation of the violence´s phenomena, giving us account of the strategies of attention and resolution for them. In this analysis, the types of violence on which public policies in Colombia have faced this problem were addressed, integrating the gender´s perspective during the period of peace dialogues between Colombian´s government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-FARC, recognizing a crucial moment in the history of the country. A documentary search of the public policies issued during that period by the Ministries of Interior, Justice and of Health and Social Protection, aimed at addressing the problem of sexual violence was conducted. Subsequently a categorical descriptive analysis was performed, identifying them according to frequency and relationship with the subject under study. The results show the value of integrating models of analysis of direct, structural and cultural violence applied to sexual violence, the inclinations of gender-related policies in the face of this type of violence and, finally, the need for education in society and especially to public policy makers in the face of peace and post-conflict processes, so that they are taken as a conceptual basis at the time of their formulation.