EFECTO DE LA SALINIDAD SOBRE ALGUNAS VARIABLES BIOQUÍMICAS, INMUNOLÓGICAS, FISIOLÓGICAS Y PRODUCTIVAS DEL CAMARÓN Litopenaeus vannamei CULTIVADO EXPERIMENTALMENTE

Abstract

Shrimp farming is one of the fastest growing industries both globally and nationally, but in the last decade the development of shrimp aquaculture has been limited by the occurrence of infectious diseases mainly caused by viruses. There are physical-chemical and biological terms within farming systems, that they can cause stress and accelerate the susceptibility of shrimp diseases. Among the physico-chemical variables, salinity is one of the most important, as well as influencing the growth and survival rates of shrimp, sudden changes can be conditions of stress. Hence it is necessary to amplify the knowledge of salinity about the physiology of the organism through the response of some biochemical variables (glucose and protein), immunological (total count of hemocytes, and phenoloxidase proFenoloxidasa), physiological (condition index K fulton and hepatopancreatic index) and productive (growth rate and survival) of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. During 63 days the shrimp was cultivated experimentally in different concentrations from salinity (1, 10, 15, 25, 35 gL-1). At each salinity were handled three repetitions, and each one, were cultured 15 shrimp of 3.5 g. To evaluate the behavior of these variables, hemolymph samples were taken at baseline (day 1), mid (day 30) and at the end of the experiment (day 63). At the results obtained, were not significant differences in biochemical variables, immunological, physiological and productivity between salinity treatments. Although, when analyzed between sampling times, whether there was a negative effect on glucose being that was increased at the end of the experiment. Similarly, it observed a negative effect on total haemocyte count, because it shows a downward trend during the course of the experiment.