Particularidades ideológico-discursivas do gênero do discurso notícia: a compreensão do discurso alheio sob o paradigma da objetividade

Abstract

In this work, we intend to investigate the guidance forms to other s discourse considering the news genre of discourse in the field of brazilian mainstream press. The introduction of the paradigm of objectivity, inserted in the 1950 years, was very important in the history of this sphere of activity. This paradigm has represented major structural changes in the composition of the news text and especially about the reported speech which, since then, it has become a privileged material to be articulated with the pretense of exempting journalistic discourse of any assessment about the fact reported. In the Brazilian press, the introduction of the paradigm of objectivity took place under some historical, economic and political context which required of the mainstream press self-assertion. In addition, the introduction of this paradigm also has occurred in a time when the technological conditions allow the reproduction of the photograph on a large scale. Thus the photographic image, supported by scientificist conceptions of mechanical objectivity, was added as a significant element to support values espoused under the paradigm of objectivity, also conditioning the practices of production and consumption of news. Based on these consideration, we intended to investigate the relationship established with the reported discourse, formed by the semiotic interaction of verbal and photography signs in the news genre of discourse. To accomplish this work, we sought support mainly in the bakhtinian Philosophy of Language, and specific theoretical and historic works about press and photojournalism. In addition, as support for our understandings, it was also considered some studies that deal specifically with photographic image. In order to operate our study, we selected a set of texts of editorship Cotidiano of the Folha de S. Paulo newspaper. In the analysis it was observed a peculiar trend for the use of syntactic forms of indirect speech and direct speech which correspond to the ideological refraction from the paradigm of objectivity. We also understand distinct forms of positioning of the photographic image in relationship with the some else discourse, which may emphasize or reduce the assessments of this kind of discourse, change its truth value, strengthen it or weaken it in the social hierarchy of values, justify or condemn it morally, scientifically and pragmatically, etc.