Educação especial no estado de São Paulo : análise documental do período de 1989 a 2010

Abstract

This paper aims to know and analyze the public policies in the Special Education field in the State of São Paulo in 15 years of PSDB government (1995 2010), as well to discuss the impact of these policies in the amount of enrollment of students with disabilities in the different levels and types of the basic education. The resources for this research were: the state law from 1995 to 2010 in the field of special education, the statistic data of School Census presented in Statistics Synopsis (1998-2006) and in the Microdata (2007-2010) available in INEP website. During the period studied, it was observed that the State of São Paulo presented high indices of Human Development Index (HDI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), compared to other Brazilian States. Despite these high indices, São Paulo is a State whose level of social inequality is high. Thus, the economic inequality unfolds on many other inequalities, such as the inequality which is related to the access to employment and working conditions, housing, and access to transportation, leisure and essential public services like safety, health and education. In the period of study, it was found 45 documents, including laws, ordinance, resolutions and decisions. For the analysis and discussion of the documents, three main areas were used, which are considered important to the discussion on special education in the State, such as: pedagogical support to the students with disabilities, the teacher of special education and nonprofit institutions new institutions and agreements with the State. Concerning the impact of these policies in the enrollment of the students with disabilities, it is noted that until 2006 the number of enrollment of these students were concentrated in the segregated spaces (exclusively special school and special classrooms in regular schools). From 2007, there has been a significant increase in the number of the enrollments in common classrooms in the regular school. However, we can observe that most of these enrollments were concentrated in the elementary school. Another important fact is the number of enrollments of Youth and Adult Education, which has risen significantly during this period. We may also note that the enrollments in high school vary from a year to another and that the number of enrollments of students with disabilities in the regular school, in its majority, is from people with mental disabilities, representing almost 50% of the enrollments.