Efeito do resveratrol nos sistemas colinérgico e purinérgico em encéfalo de ratos diabéticos

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem throughout the world. Besides the most common complications in the peripheral nervous system, diabetes may also cause a series of cognitive, structural and functional alterations in the central nervous system (CNS). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), NTPDase and 5 -nucleotidase are important enzymes involved in neurotransmission and alterations in their activities have been observed in various diseases including diabetes. Resveratrol is a polyphenol abundant in grapes and red wine that possesses many biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective. In this context, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on the activity of the enzymes AChE, NTPDase and 5 -nucleotidase in the brain from streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, the effects of diabetes and resveratrol on memory were investigated through the inhibitory avoidance test. The following groups were studied: Control/saline; Control/RV 10 mg/kg; Control/RV 20 mg/kg; Diabetic/saline; Diabetic/RV 10 mg/kg; Diabetic/RV 20 mg/kg. The animals were treated during 30 days after which time they were sacrificed and samples were collected for enzymatic assays. The results demonstrated that AChE activity in the supernatant of cortex, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex synaptosomes were increased in the diabetic/saline group compared to the control/saline group. Treatment with resveratrol prevented the increase of AChE activity in the diabetic/RV 10 and diabetic/RV 20 groups. When resveratrol was administered per se, a decrease in AChE activities was observed in the cortex, striatum and hippocampus in the control/RV 10mg/kg and control/RV 20 groups. In the inhibitory avoidance test, a decrease in step down latency was observed in the diabetic/saline group and the treatment with resveratrol prevented this increase in the diabetic /RV 10 and diabetic/RV 20 groups. In relation to NTPDase and 5 - nucleotidase, an increase in the activities was observed in the diabetic/saline group. Treatment with resveratrol produced a more pronounced increase in the activities of these enzymes in the diabetic /RV 10 and diabetic/RV 20 groups. When administered per se, resveratrol also triggered an increase in NTPDase and 5 -nucleotidase. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that AChE, NTPDase and 5 - nucleotidase activities are altered in diabetic rats and treatment with resveratrol was able to modulate the activity of these enzymes, indicating that this compound may be promising in the treatment of disorders in the cholinergic and purinergic neurotransmission in the diabetic state.