Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de Especialização
Caracterização, regime terapêutico e principais efeitos adversos causados pelo tratamento de pacientes portadores de câncer de cabeça e pescoço
Fecha
2019-02-26Autor
Castro, Carolina Quintana
Institución
Resumen
Head and neck cancer is the fifth most frequent type in the world and encompasses tumors of
the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, thyroid and salivary glands. The main categories
of treatment are: surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Knowing the profile of patients with
head and neck cancer, as well as their treatment and the main adverse effects generated by this
treatment is very important, because in this way it is possible to provide adequate information
about the antineoplastic treatment, its side effects and respective measures of support. The objective of this study was to characterize the patient profile and analyze the therapeutic regimen
most used in the treatment of this neoplasm, as well as to evaluate the main adverse effects
caused by radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer.
A transversal, quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out. All patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy
attended at a medium-sized university hospital from March to December of 2017 were included.
Data collection was done through medical records physical and electronic, through a collection
form elaborated by the researchers. The results show a prevalence of males (83.72%), Caucasian (88.37%) and mean age 60.77 years. There was a prevalence of married (46.51%), born
(20.93%) and born (39.53%) patients from the city of Santa Maria. Most patients have low
schooling (81.40% with incomplete primary education) and 25.58% are farmers, a prevalent
profession. There was a predominance of former smokers (51.16%), who did not consume more
alcohol (48.84%) and had a family history of cancer (37.21%). The most common sites were
larynx and oropharynx with 30.23% each, and the most frequent histological type was squamous cell carcinoma (97.67%). Almost half of the individuals in the study are in stage IV
(48.84%) and most do not present metastasis (60.47%). The most used therapeutic regimen for
this type of cancer was radiotherapy concomitant with Cisplatin (69.77%). This therapeutic
regimen is recommended in the protocols and guidelines for the treatment of head and neck
cancer and was probably the most used by advanced staging - III and IV - of most patients. The
most prevalent adverse effects were mucositis (41.86%) and radiodermatitis (41.86%), followed by nausea / vomiting (37.21%) and weight loss (32.56%).