Variabilidade genômica dos elementos transponíveis em espécies do grupo mesophragmatica do gênero Drosophila

Abstract

The mesophragmatica group belongs to the radiation virilis-repleta of the Drosophila subgenus, it was established by Brncic and Koref in 1957. The species of this group present some characteristics of isolated endemic species in some places in Andes. The common ancestral of the species of the group seems to have acquired, for selective pressure, genetics structures better adjusted to each region. Although there is just a few studies involving these species and still have to be done in relation to the presence and evolution of transposable elements in its genomes. In this context, the transposable elements of the families, hobo, Tom/17.6, I, mariner, P, micropia and gypsy had been analyzed in species of Drosophila of the mesophragmatica group using, Dot Blot and PCR. The genomic DNA of species D.viracochi, and one of the D. gasici had presented hybridization for the micropia element when analyzed by Dot Blot. Analysis the presence of the TEs of the families Tom, 17.6, hobo was made by PCR. However, they had not been gotten amplicons for none of these elements. However homologous sequences to element P are found in D. gasici and D. pavani. Using probe of the elements I and mariner they had been carried through Dot Blot not presenting hybridization with genomic DNA of species D. pavani, D. brncici, D. viracochi, D. gasici (three different populations). Genomic DNA of species D. pavani, D. brncici, D. viracochi, D. gasici (three different populations) hybridized with probe of the element gypsy also having amplification for PCR for all the analyzed species. The purify products of PCR had been sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis s confirmed the idea that it has incongruence between the phylogeny of the species and of its TEs due to a standard of complex evolution that involves mechanisms as: random losses, vertical and horizontal transference, ancestral polymorphism, different taxes of evolution. Those mechanisms might be not mutually excludable and probably occur simultaneously.