Identificação da fragilidade ambiental quanto à enchentes e desmoronamentos no perímetro urbano de Santa Maria (RS) através de geotecnologias

Abstract

The profile of the Brazilian cities today is configured for the disordered and excessive growth, actions without obligations with the natural, cultural and urban aspects of its landscapes and, over all, for improper and inadequate appropriations of the environment for urban occupations. As result and impacts, landscapes are marked for intense ambient fragilities decurrently of significant alterations in morphogenesis. Therefore, scenes of catastrophes, damages and losses of natural phenomena, in the related case of floods and collapses are daily part of the urban. Of this form, for the characteristics of the city of Santa Maria, whose it represents a regional pole in the center of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, with expressive demographic indices, for its dimensions, physiographic aspects, of human occupation and its index of growth, this dissertation has the intention to diagnosis the areas with ambient fragilities concerning the collapses and floods of the urban perimeter. Fact that gains more proportions, a time that about 90% of the population residence in the urban way it city, that is, around 230.500 inhabitants, as given Census 2010. Thus, the tools of Geographic Information of Systems and Geoprocessing in the determination of the ambient fragility had been developed analyses applying. By means of a methodology that uses algebra of maps, which it bases on analysis of rules where the variables are worked of integrated form. We have as product the synthesis of information and spatializations of the stability and instability zones. One knows that the degree of development of a city is measuring by the quality of life of its population and, of this form, is essential that it has politics and public actions on the part of the government in the areas with risks of movement of masses and floods. Of this form, the generated informations are important and practical to the interests of the managers, contributing for the construction of a safe and healthful city morphologically.