Técnicas de agricultura de precisão aplicadas ao manejo da adubação na rotação arroz irrigado com soja

Abstract

The irrigated rice is common and important to the agricultural scenario of RS, however the spatial variability and low fertility of soils associated with some difficult weed control in this crop provided the use of crop rotation practices with soybean. The rotation with soybean can increase the production and to improve the soil fertility by fertility maps, fertility adjustment in site specific and others sustainable practices of the precision agriculture, therefore, equalizing the costs and expanding the profitability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical and economic efficiency of the site specific fertilization in the crop rotation between irrigated rice and soybean. The study was conducted in the farm Formosa Agropecuária, in São Gabriel - RS, during three years. In 2009 was determined the edge of the field with the navigation GPS and, following a grid sampling of 1 ha, was evaluated the soil variability. The fertility maps were made by CR Campeiro 7.0® software, and after this, the field was divided in two plots, the first with precision agriculture practices and the other kept the conventional management. The adjust of fertility in site specific was through of the maps of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The new sampling of soil in 2012, following a grid sampling of 1 ha, allowed identify the exportation of nutrients and to evaluate the fertility strategy and recommendation. In the years 2010 and 2011 by the SMS Ag Leader® software was made the maps of productivity, increasing the rice productivity in 3% in 2010 and 2,2% in 2012, besides 13% more in soybean productivity in 2011. These increases mean approximately U$ 225.00 per hectare. The use of precision agriculture techniques improves the soil fertility, identifying the spatial variability of soil resulting in a rise of production in the rotation between irrigated rice and soybean, specially by the maps of variation of nitrogen in rice. The cost of production was biggest with precision agriculture practices, but the relationship between benefits and cost was positive to this technology. Precision agriculture is practicable technical and economically in lowland.