Caracterização citogenética e de crescimento de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi

Abstract

Tropical forests play vital role in maintaining the stability and quality of the environment, protecting the soil and water resources, conserving the biodiversity, protecting cultural and recreational values, which contribute to improving the quality of life of the population. Being the germplasm of forest species a wealth to be used and preserved. Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae) has medicinal, alimentary and ecological properties, besides being destined for the recomposition of degraded areas of permanent preservation. However, there are few studies on the cytogenetics characterization and promotion growth of this species. Thus, aiming for conservation and sustainable use, the objective is to characterize cytogenetically this species, assess the quality of the seeds S. terebinthifolius from individuals of different accessions of populations of Rio Grande do Sul, as well as, to evaluate the effect of the interaction of Trichoderma spp. on the contamination and in vitro germination and ex vitro vegetative growth of S. terebinthifolius. For the determination of chromosome number were used tissues of root tips. In the germination study, the parcels with seeds were kept in a climatic chamber with a photoperiod of 16 hours at the temperature of 20°C (+/- 2°C). To the study the interaction between S. terebinthifolius and Trichoderma spp. were evaluated the isolates TSM1 and TSM2 of Trichoderma viride, 2B2 and 2B22 of Trichoderma harzianum for the in vitro experiment, through the cellophane technique and the ex vitro experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where were evaluated the effects of the isolates 2B2 and 2B22 and the commercial product Trichodermil®, all in the presence and absence of growth regulator Stimulate®. It is concluded that the chromosome number of the species S. terebinthifolius determined for 22 accessions collected in Rio Grande do Sul is 2n = 28, indicating that there isn't intraspecific variability. The quality of the seeds of S. terebinthifolius shows great heterogeneity among the different accessions collection. With the technique of in vitro cellophane, all four isolates of Trichoderma spp. tested are efficient in controlling fungal contamination of seeds. In ex vitro cultivation, the difference was significant growth in leaf area index for strain 2B2