Oxidative stress in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis: Possible association with major depressive disorder?

Abstract

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the genetic and biochemical profiles associated with oxidative stress (OS) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with mesial temporal sclerosis (TLE-MTS) and a healthy control group, and also to verify the possible existence of association between OS markers and psychiatric disorders (PD) in group with TLE-MTS. Methods: Forty-six patients with refractory TLE-MTS and 112 healthy controls were included. Psychiatric evaluation occurred through Diagnostical and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria. A peripheral blood sample was collected for analysis of glutathione S-transferase (GST) T1/M1 polymorphisms and serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity equivalent to the trolox (TEAC), serum markers of OS. Student's t-test, Fisher's exact test, Chi-square test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used, with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: The PD were observed in 27 patients of the group with TLE-MTS (58.6%); major depressive disorder (MDD) was the most frequent. Serum levels of MDA (P < 0.0001) and TEAC (P < 0.0001) were higher in group with TLE-MTS. When patients with MDD were compared with patients without PD, significant differences were observed between MDA (P = 0.002) and TEAC (P = 0.003) serum levels. Patients with TLE-MTS and MDD presented higher levels when compared with patients with TLE-MTS without PD and with another PD except MDD. Conclusions: The present study observed significantly higher serum levels of MDA and of TEAC in patients with refractory TLE-MTS in comparison with the control group. The MDD was observed as an important issue associated with higher OS levels in refractory TLE-MTS. Further studies are needed to investigate the association of OS, TLE-MTS, and PD.