Conduct a systematic review of studies that investigating communication strategies used by caregivers of patients with dementia, published between 1995 and 2015. Methods: The bibliographic search was conducted using the terms "elderspeak and dementia", "caregiver’s talk and dementia", "communication and caregiver and dementia" and "communicative and Alzheimer". To be included in the review, the study had to mention that its goal it was investigate communication strategies used by caregivers of elderly with dementia and should not be intervention study. Results: Only 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies showed that caregivers of elderly with dementia use communication strategies that are ineffective (eg, elderspeak communication, "control" communication and complex) and effective (using simple sentences; give a command at a time, closed choice questions). Conclusion: It is important to assess the perceptions and evaluations of caregivers about the effectiveness of the strategy used so that communication skills are taught to family caregivers and formal caregivers. Successful communication should promote the participation of older people with dementia, contributing to maintaining the autonomy and participation of both caregivers as people affected by this situation. © 2016, Editora Cientifica Nacional Ltda. All rights reserved.652186195