This article analyzes aspects of the activities of the School Medical Inspection Service, an agency created in 1911 under the Sao Paulo State Sanitary Service and transferred in 1916 to the Secretary of Public Instruction. It focuses, more specifically, on the practice of the individual examination of students with the purpose of understanding the motivations behind these practices, the role they played in establishing standards of normality and abnormality, as well as their underlying racial tenor. To this end, its sources are articles published in the periodical Imprensa Medica, works written by the agency's head physician, Balthazar Vieira de Mello, and the Anuarios do Ensino, the official publication of the General Board for Public Instruction.222 371390