The polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is one of the most investigated polymers in the development of eco-friendly nanocomposites. Biotechnology is used for their production and the mechanisms of their biodegradation make them very interesting polymers to replace conventional polymers in applications where the biodegradability is a desirable characteristic. PHA applications include medical field (suture fasteners, staples, screws, valves, orthopedic pins, etc.) besides agriculture and packaging sectors. The introduction of nanofillers in the polyhydroxyalkanoates matrixes is one of the ways used in an attempt to improve their properties or to reach new properties. With this goal, PHA/carbon nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposites have been quite studied. The remarkable properties shown by carbon nanotubes such as high Young’s modulus, high thermal stability and electrical conductivity, and their low chemical reactivity is the key to achieve excellent properties from PHA nanocomposites, and to maintaining the matrix biodegradability. CNT cause changes in PHA characteristics that can affect the biodegradation rate as crystallinity degree, porosity, surface roughness, and hydrophilicity of polymer matrix. Many researches have shown the effects and advances caused by CNT filler in the mechanical resistance, crystallinity degree, thermal properties, and other important characteristics of PHA nanocomposites. However, these works have disregarded the study of the biodegradation of PHA/CNT nanocomposites, what is essential to define the application field of final product. © Springer India 2015.75 79108Abe, H., Doi, Y., Structural effects on enzymatic degradabilities for poly [(R)-3- hydroxybutyric acid] and its copolymers (1999) Int J Biol Macromol, 25, pp. 185-192Abe, H., Kikkawa, Y., Iwata, T., Aoki, H., Akehata, T., Doi, Y., Microscopic visualization on crystalline morphologies of thin films for poly [(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid] and its copolymer (2000) Polymer, 41, pp. 867-874Ajayan, P.M., Nanotubes from carbon (1999) Chem Rev, 99, pp. 1787-1800Akmal, D., Azizan, M.N., Majid, M.I.A., Biodegradation of microbial polyesters P (3HB) and P (3HB-co-3HV) under the tropical climate environment (2003) Polym Degrad Stab, 80, pp. 513-518Anandhan, S., Bandyopadhyay, S., Polymer nanocomposites: From synthesis to applications (2011) Nanocomposites and polymers with analytical methods, pp. 3-28Anderson, A.J., Dawes, E.A., Occurrence, metabolism, metabolic role, and industrial uses of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (1990) Microbiol Rev, 54, pp. 450-472Aoyagi, Y., Yamashita, K., Doi, Y., Thermal degradation of poly [(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate], poly [e-caprolactone], and poly [(S)-lactide] (2002) Polym Degrad Stab, 76, pp. 53-59Arras, M.M.L., Schillai, C., Keller, T.F., Schulze, R., Jandt, K.D., Alignment of multi-wall carbon nanotubes by disentanglement in ultra-thin melt-drawn polymer films (2013) Carbon, 60, pp. 366-378Avella, M., Errico, M.E., Rimedio, R., Sadocco, P., Preparation of biodegradable polyesters/highamylose- starch composites by reactive blending and their characterization (2002) J Appl Polym Sci, 83, pp. 1432-1442Avella, M., Martuscelli, E., Raimo, M., Properties of blends and composites based on poly (3-hydroxy) butyrate (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) copolymers (2000) J Mater Sci, 35, pp. 523-545Bang, J.H., Suslick, K.S., Applications of ultrasound to the synthesis of nanostructured materials (2010) Adv Mater, 22, pp. 1039-1059Bhatt, R., Patel, K., Trivedi, U., Biodegradation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) (2011) A handbook of applied biopolymer technology: Synthesis, degradation and applications, pp. 311-331Bonartsev, A., Boskhomdziev, A., Voinova, V., Makhina, T., Myshkina, V., Yakovlev, S., Iordanskii, A., Degradationof poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and its derivatives: Characterization and kinect behavior (2012) Chem Chem Technol, 6, pp. 385-392Bordes, P., Pollet, E., Averous, L., Nano-biocomposites: Biodegradable polyester/nanoclay systems (2009) Prog Polym Sci, 34, pp. 125-155Boyandin, A.N., Rudnev, V.P., Ivonin, V.N., Prudnikova, S.V., Korobikhina, K.I., Filipenko, M.L., Volova, T.G., Sinskey, A.J., Biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoate films in natural environments (2012) Macromol Symp, 320, pp. 38-42Braunegg, G., Lefebvre, G., Genser, K.F., Polyhydroxyalkanoates, biopolyesters from renewable resources: Physiological and engineering aspects (1998) J Biotechnol, 65, pp. 127-161Byrne, M.T., McNamee, W.P., Gun'ko, Y.K., Chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes for the mechanical reinforcement of polystyrene composites (2008) Nanotechnology, 19, pp. 1-9Chan, K.H.K., Wong, S.Y., Tiju, W.C., Li, X., Kotaki, M., He, C.B., Morphologies and electrical properties of electrospun poly [(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyvalerate]/multiwalled carbon nanotubes fibers (2010) J Appl Polym Sci, 116, pp. 1030-1035Charles, P.P., Owens, F.J., (2003) Introduction to nanotechnology, , WileyChen, Y., Yang, G., Chen, Q., Solid-state NMR study on the structure and mobility of the noncrystalline region of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (2002) Polymer, 43, pp. 2095-2099Choi, E.Y., Roh, S.C., Kim, C.K., Noncovalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with pyrene-linked nylon66 for high performance nylon66/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites (2014) Carbon, 72, pp. 160-168Choi, J.S., Park, W.H., Effect of biodegradable plasticizers on thermal and mechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (2004) Polym Test, 23, pp. 455-460Choi, W.M., Kim, T.W., Park, O.O., Chang, Y.K., Lee, J.W., Preparation and characterization of Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)-organoclay nanocomposites (2003) J Appl Polym Sci, 90, pp. 525-529Coleman, J.N., Khan, U., Blau, W.J., Gun'ko, Y.K., Small but strong: A review of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-polymer composites (2006) Carbon, 44, pp. 1624-1652Coleman, J.N., Khan, U., Gun'ko, Y.K., Mechanical reinforcement of polymers using carbon nanotubes (2006) Adv Mater, 18, pp. 689-706Damian, C., Andreea, M., Iovu, H., Ethylenediamine functionalization effect on the thermomechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with multiwall carbon nanotubes. U.P.B (2010) Sci Bull, 72, pp. 163-174Deroiné, M., Le Duigou, A., Corre, Y.M., Le Gac, P.Y., Davies, P., César, G., Bruzaud, S., Seawater accelerated ageing of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (2014) Polym Degrad Stab, 105, pp. 237-247Dresselhaus, M.S., Dresselhaus, G., Saito, R., Jorio, A., Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes (2005) Phys Rep, 409, pp. 47-99Dufresne, A., Dupeyre, D., Paillet, M., Lignocellulosic flour-reinforced poly(hydroxybutyrate- co-valerate) composites (2003) J Appl Polym Sci, 87, pp. 1302-1315Durmus, A., Kasgoz, A., McOsko, C.W., Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/clay nanocomposites. Part I: Structural characterization and quantifying clay dispersion by melt rheology (2007) Polymer, 48, pp. 4492-4502Eggers, J., Steinbüchel, A., Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) degradation in Ralstonia eutropha H16 is mediated stereoselectively to (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A (CoA) via crotonyl-CoA (2013) J Bacteriol, 195, pp. 3213-3223El-Hadi, A., Schnabel, R., Straube, E., Müller, G., Henning, S., Correlation between degree of crystallinity, morphology, glass temperature, mechanical properties and biodegradation of poly (3-hydroxyalkanoate) PHAs and their blends (2002) Polym Test, 21, pp. 665-674Esawi, A.M.K., Salem, H.G., Hussein, H.M., Ramadan, A.R., Effect of processing technique on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes within polypropylene carbon nanotube-composites and its effect on their mechanical properties (2010) Polym Compos, 31, pp. 772-780Fei, B., Chen, C., Chen, S., Peng, S., Zhuang, Y., An, Y., Crosslinking of poly [(3- hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate)] using dicumyl peroxide as initiator (2004) Polym Int, 53, pp. 937-943Feng, L., Wang, Y., Inagawa, Y., Kasuya, K., Saito, T., Doi, Y., Inoue, Y., Enzymatic degradation behavior of comonomer compositionally fractionated bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate)s by poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) depolymerases isolated from Ralstonia pickettii T1 and Acidovorax sp. TP4 (2004) Polym Degrad Stab, 84, pp. 95-104Ferreira, B.M.P., Zavaglia, C.A.C., Duek, E.A.R., Films of PLLA/PHBV: Thermal, morphological, and mechanical characterization (2002) J Appl Polym Sci, 86, pp. 2898-2906Filho, A., Fagan, S., Funcionalização de nanotubos de carbono (2007) Quim Nova, 30, pp. 1695-1703Fradinho, J.C., Domingos, J.M.B., Carvalho, G., Oehmen, A., Reis, M.A.M., Polyhydroxyalkanoates production by a mixed photosynthetic consortium of bacteria and algae (2013) Bioresour Technol, 132, pp. 146-153Gaharwar, A.K., Schexnailder, P.J., Schmidt, G., Nanocomposite polymer biomaterials for tissue repair of bone and cartilage: Amaterial science perspective (2011) Nanobiomaterials handbook., pp. 1-28. , CRC PressGonçalves, S.P.C., Franchetti, S.M.M., Respirometric evaluation of the biodegradability of films of PE/PHBV blends (2013) Int J Mater Sci, 3, pp. 54-60Gonzalez, A., Irusta, L., Fernández-Berridi, M.J., Iriarte, M., Iruin, J.J., Application of pyrolysis/ gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and TGA techniques in the study of thermal degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (2005) Polym Degrad Stab, 87, pp. 347-354Gooding, J.J., Nanostructuring electrodes with carbon nanotubes: A review on electrochemistry and applications for sensing (2005) Electrochim Acta, 50, pp. 3049-3060Grady, B.P., (2011) Carbon nanotube-polymer composites, , Wiley, New JerseyGursel, I., Balcik, C., Arica, Y., Akkus, O., Akkas, N., Hasirci, V., Synthesis and mechanical properties of interpenetrating networks of polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate and polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (1998) Biomaterials, 19, pp. 1137-1143Han, C.C., Ismail, J., Kammer, H.W., Melt reaction in blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate) and epoxidized natural rubber (2004) Polym Degrad Stab, 85, pp. 947-955Han, L., Han, C., Cao, W., Wang, X., Bian, J., Dong, L., Preparation and characterization of biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)/silica nanocomposites (2012) Polym Eng Sci, 52, pp. 250-258Han, Z., Fina, A., Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes and their polymer nanocomposites: A review (2011) Prog Polym Sci, 36, pp. 914-944Her, S.C., Lai, C.Y., Dynamic behavior of nanocomposites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (2013) Materials, 6, pp. 2274-2284Hirsch, A., Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2002) Angew Chem, 41, pp. 1853-1859Hu, S.G., Jou, C.H., Yang, M.C., Biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of chitosan and collagen immobilized poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) (2004) Carbohydr Polym, 58, pp. 173-179Hussain, F., Review article: Polymer-matrix nanocomposites, processing, manufacturing and application: An Overview (2006) J Compos Mater, 40, pp. 1511-1575Ishigaki, T., Sugano, W., Nakanishi, A., Tateda, M., Ike, M., Fujita, M., The degradability of biodegradable plastics in aerobic and anaerobic waste landfill model reactors (2004) Chemosphere, 54, pp. 225-233Iwata, T., Doi, Y., Tanaka, T., Akehata, T., Shiromo, M., Teramachi, S., Enzymatic degradation and adsorption on poly [(R) -3-hydroxybutyrate ] single crystals with two types of extracellular PHB depolymerases from comamonas acidovorans YM1609 and alcaligenes faecalis T1 (1997) Macromolecules, 30, pp. 5290-5296Jendrossek, D., Handrick, R., Microbial degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (2002) Annu Rev Microbiol, 56, pp. 403-432Jiang, L., Huang, J., Qian, J., Chen, F., Zhang, J., Wolcott, M.P., Zhu, Y., Study of poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/bamboo pulp fiber composites: Effects of nucleation agent and compatibilizer (2008) J Polym Environ, 16, pp. 83-93Jiang, L., Morelius, E., Zhang, J., Wolcott, M., Holbery, J., Study of the poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/cellulose nanowhisker composites prepared by solution casting and melt processing (2008) J Compos Mater, 42, pp. 2629-2645Ke, Y., Wu, G., Wang, Y., PHBV/PAM scaffolds with local oriented structure through UV polymerization for tissue engineering (2014) BioMed Res Int, 2014, pp. 1-9Keshavarz, T., Roy, I., Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Bioplastics with a green agenda (2010) Curr Opin Microbiol, 13, pp. 321-326Khanna, S., Srivastava, A.K., Statistical media optimization studies for growth and PHB production by Ralstonia eutropha (2005) Process Biochem, 40, pp. 2173-2182Kim, P., Shi, L., Majumdar, E., McEuen, P.L., Thermal transport measurements of individual multiwalled nanotubes (2001) Phys Rev Lett, 87, pp. 1-4Koller, M., Gasser, I., Schmid, F., Berg, G., Linking ecology with economy: Insights into polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing microorganisms (2011) Eng Life Sci, 11, pp. 222-237Korn, M., Andrade, M.V.A.S., Borges, S.S., Procedimentos analíticos assistidos por ultra-som (2003) Analytica, 3, pp. 34-39Lai, M., Li, J., Yang, J., Liu, J., Tong, X., Cheng, H., The morphology and thermal properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) composite (2004) Polym Int, 53, pp. 1479-1484Lee, J.H., Kim, S.K., Kim, N.H., Effects of the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the positive temperature coefficient characteristics of carbon-black-filled high-density polyethylene nanocomposites (2006) Scripta Mater, 55, pp. 1119-1122Lee, L.J., Zeng, C., Cao, X., Han, X., Shen, J., Xu, G., Polymer nanocomposite foams (2005) Compos Sci Technol, 65, pp. 2344-2363Lemes, A.P., Marcato, P.D., Ferreira, O.P., Alves, O.L., Duran, N., Nanotechnology and applications (2008) Nanocomposites of poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) reinforced with carbon nanotubes and oxidized carbon nanotubes, pp. 615-685Lenz, R.W., Marchessault, R.H., Bacterial polyesters: Biosynthesis, biodegradable plastics and biotechnology (2005) Biomacromolecules, 6, pp. 1-8Likodimos, V., Steriotis, T.A., Papageorgiou, S.K., Romanos, G.E., Marques, R.R.N., Rocha, R.P., Faria, J.L., Falaras, P., Controlled surface functionalization of multiwall carbon nanotubes by HNO3 hydrothermal oxidation (2014) Carbon, 69, pp. 311-326Liu, C.X., Choi, J.W., Improved dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polymers at high concentrations (2012) Nanomaterials, 2, pp. 329-347Liu, W.J., Yang, L., Wang, Z., Dong, L.S., Liu, J.J., Effect of nucleating agents on the crystallization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (2002) J Appl Polym Sci, 86, pp. 2145-2152Lo, W.H., Yu, J., Effects of the energy dissipation rate and surface erosion on the biodegradation of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) and its blends with synthetic polymers in an aquatic medium (2002) J Appl Polym Sci, 83, pp. 1036-1045Lotto, N.T., Calil, M.R., Guedes, C.G.F., Rosa, D.S., The effect of temperature on the biodegradation test (2004) Materials Science and Engineering C, 24, pp. 659-662Luo, J.T., Wen, H., Wu, W.F., Chou, C.P., Mechanical research of carbon nanotubes/PMMA composite films (2008) Polym Compos, 29, pp. 1285-1290Luo, M., Li, Y., Jin, S., Sang, S., Zhao, L., Wang, Q., Li, Y., Microstructure and mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes containing Al2O3-C refractories with addition of polycarbosilane (2013) Ceram Int, 39, pp. 4831-4838Luo, S., Netravali, A., A study of physical and mechanical properties of poly(hydroxybutyrate- co-hydroxyvalerate) during composting (2003) Polym Degrad Stab, 80, pp. 59-66Ma, P.C., Siddiqui, N.A., Marom, G., Kim, J.K., Dispersion and functionalization of carbon nanotubes for polymer-based nanocomposites: A review (2010) Compos A Appl Sci Manuf, 41, pp. 1345-1367Ma, Y., Zheng, Y., Wei, G., Song, W., Hu, T., Yang, H., Xue, R., Processing, structure, and properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) biopolymer nanocomposites (2012) J Appl Polym Sci, 125, pp. E620-E629Madbouly, S.A., Schrader, J.A., Srinivasan, G., Liu, K., McCabe, K.G., Grewell, D., Graves, W.L., Kessler, M.R., Biodegradation behavior of bacterial-based polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and DDGS composites (2014) Green Chem, 16, pp. 1911-1920Maiti, P., Batt, C.A., Giannelis, E.P., New biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate/layered silicate nanocomposites (2007) Biomacromolecules, 8, pp. 3393-3400Maiti, P., Batt, C.A., Giannelis, E.P., Biodegradable polyester/layered silicate nanocomposites (2003) Mater Res Soc Symp Proc, 740 (I5), p. 3Moniruzzaman, M., Winey, K.I., Polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes (2006) Macromolecules, 39, pp. 5194-5205Mukai, K., Yamada, K., Doi, Y., Kinetics and mechanism of heterogeneous hydrolysis of poly [(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] film by PHA depolymerases (1993) Int J Biol Macromol, 15, pp. 361-366Mylvaganam, K., Zhang, L.C., Fabrication and application of polymer composites comprising carbon nanotubes (2007) Recent Pat Nanotechnol, 1, pp. 59-65Nobes, G.A.R., Marchessault, R.H., Briese, B.H., Jendrossek, D., Microscopic visualization of the enzymatic degradation of poly(3HB-co-3HV) and poly(3HV) single crystals by PHA depolymerases from Pseudomonas lemoignei (1998) J Environ Polym Degrad, 6, pp. 99-107Nobes, G.A.R., Marchessault, R.H., Chanzy, H., Briese, B.H., Jendrossek, D., Splintering of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) single crystals by PHB-depolymerase a from Pseudomonas lemoignei (1996) Macromolecules, 29, pp. 8330-8333Numata, K., Abe, H., Iwata, T., Biodegradability of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) materials (2009) Materials, 2, pp. 1104-1126Numata, K., Kikkawa, Y., Tsuge, T., Iwata, T., Doi, Y., Abe, H., Adsorption of biopolyester depolymerase on silicon wafer and poly [(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid] single crystal revealed by real-time AFM (2006) Macromol Biosci, 6, pp. 41-50Philip, S., Keshavarz, T., Roy, I., Polyhydroxyalkanoates : Biodegradable polymers with a range of applications (2007) J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 82, pp. 233-247Reddy, M.M., Vivekanandhan, S., Misra, M., Bhatia, S.K., Mohanty, A.K., Biobased plastics and bionanocomposites: Current status and future opportunities (2013) Prog Polym Sci, 38, pp. 1653-1689Reinsch, V.E., Kelley, S.S., Crystallization of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) in wood fiber-reinforced composites (1996) J Appl Polym Sci, 64, pp. 1785-1796Roy, N., Sengupta, R., Bhowmick, A.K., Modifications of carbon for polymer composites and nanocomposites (2012) Prog Polym Sci, 37, pp. 781-819Ruiz, I., Hermida, É.B., Baldessari, A., Fabrication and characterization of porous PHBV scaffolds for tissue engineering (2011) J Phys: Conf Ser, 332, pp. 1-10Sahoo, N.G., Jung, Y.C., So, H.H., Cho, J.W., Synthesis of polyurethane nanocomposites of functionalized carbon nanotubes by in-situ polymerization Methods (2007) J Korean Physycal Soc, 51, pp. S1-S6Sahoo, N.G., Rana, S., Cho, J.W., Li, L., Chan, S.H., Polymer nanocomposites based on functionalized carbon nanotubes (2010) Prog Polym Sci, 35, pp. 837-867Sanchez-Garcia, M.D., Lagaron, J.M., Hoa, S.V., Effect of addition of carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes on properties of thermoplastic biopolymers (2010) Compos Sci Technol, 70, pp. 1095-1105Senior, P.J., Dawes, E.A., The regulation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in Azotobacter beijerinckii (1973) Biochem J, 134, pp. 225-238Shan, G.F., Gong, X., Chen, W.P., Chen, L., Zhu, M.F., Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on crystallization behavior of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (2011) Colloid Polym Sci, 289, pp. 1005-1014Shang, L., Fei, Q., Zhang, Y.H., Wang, X.Z., Fan, D.D., Chang, H.N., Thermal properties and biodegradability studies of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (2011) J Polym Environ, 20, pp. 23-28Silva, A.P., Montanheiro, T.L.A., Duran, N., Lemes, A.P., (2013) Characterization of PHBV/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites after biodegradation in soil, , XII Brazilian MRS Meeting 6JS2Spitalsky, Z., Tasis, D., Papagelis, K., Galiotis, C., Carbon nanotube-polymer composites: Chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties (2010) Prog Polym Sci, 35, pp. 357-401Spyros, A., Kimmich, R., Briese, B.H., Jendrossek, D., <inf>1</inf>H NMR imaging study of enzymatic degradation in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). Evidence for preferential degradation of the amorphous phase by PHB depolymerase B from pseudomonas lemoignei (1997) Macromolecules, 30, pp. 8218-8225Srithep, Y., Ellingham, T., Peng, J., Sabo, R., Clemons, C., Turng, L., Pilla, S., Melt compounding of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/nanofibrillated cellulose nanocomposites (2013) Polym Degrad Stab, 98, pp. 1439-1449Srubar, W.V., Pilla, S., Wright, Z.C., Ryan, C.A., Greene, J.P., Frank, C.W., Billington, S.L., Mechanisms and impact of fiber-matrix compatibilization techniques on the material characterization of PHBV/oak wood flour engineered biobased composites (2012) Compos Sci Technol, 72, pp. 708-715Stobinski, L., Lesiak, B., Kövér, L., Tóth, J., Biniak, S., Trykowski, G., Judek, J., Multiwall carbon nanotubes purification and oxidation by nitric acid studied by the FTIR and electron spectroscopy methods (2010) J Alloy Compd, 501, pp. 77-84Sudesh, K., Abe, H., Doi, Y., Synthesis, structure and properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates: Biological polyesters (2000) Prog Polym Sci, 25, pp. 1503-1555Tang, W., Santare, M.H., Advani, S.G., Melt processing and mechanical property characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotube/high density polyethylene (MWNT/HDPE) composite films (2003) Carbon, 41, pp. 2779-2785Tasis, D., Tagmatarchis, N., Bianco, A., Prato, M., Chemistry of carbon nanotubes (2006) Chem Rev, 106, pp. 1105-1136Ten, E., Jiang, L., Wolcott, M.P., Preparation and properties of aligned poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/cellulose nanowhiskers composites (2013) Carbohydr Polym, 92, pp. 206-213Ten, E., Turtle, J., Bahr, D., Jiang, L., Wolcott, M., Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/cellulose nanowhiskers composites (2010) Polymer, 51, pp. 2652-2660Thakur, V.K., Thakur, M.K., Processing and characterization of natural cellulose fibers/ thermoset polymer composites (2014) Carbohydr Polym, 109, pp. 102-117Thakur, V.K., Thakur, M.K., Raghavan, P., Kessler, M.R., Progress in green polymer composites from lignin for multifunctional applications: A review (2014) ACS Sustain Chem Eng, 2, pp. 1072-1092Thiré, R.M.D.S.M., Arruda, L.C., Barreto, L.S., Morphology and thermal properties of poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/attapulgite nanocomposites (2011) Mater Res, 14, pp. 340-344Uchino, T., Bourdakos, K.N., Groot, C.H., Ashburn, P., Kiziroglou, M.E., Dilliway, G.D., Smith, D.C., Metal catalyst-free low-temperature carbon nanotube growth on SiGe islands (2005) Appl Phys Lett, 86Valentini, L., Fabbri, P., Messori, M., Esposti, M.D., Bon, S.B., Multilayer films composed of conductive poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/carbon nanotubes bionanocomposites and a photoresponsive conducting polymer (2014) J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys, 52, pp. 596-602Vidhate, S., Innocentini-Mei, L., Souza, N.A.D., Mechanical and electrical multifunctional poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)-multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites (2012) Polym Eng Sci, 52, pp. 1367-1374Volova, T.G., Boyandin, A.N., Vasiliev, A.D., Karpov, V.A., Prudnikova, S.V., Mishukova, O.V., Boyarskikh, U.A., Gitelson, I.I., Biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in tropical coastal waters and identification of PHA-degrading bacteria (2010) Polym Degrad Stab, 95, pp. 2350-2359Wang, S., Song, C., Chen, G., Guo, T., Liu, J., Zhang, B., Takeuchi, S., Characteristics and biodegradation properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/organophilic montmorillonite (PHBV/OMMT) nanocomposite (2005) Polym Degrad Stab, 87, pp. 69-76Wang, S., Song, C., Mizuno, W., Sano, M., Maki, M., Yang, C., Zhang, B., Takeuchi, S., Estimation on biodegradability of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB/V) and numbers of aerobic PHB/V degrading microorganisms in different natural environments (2005) J Polym Environ, 13, pp. 39-45Xu, C., Qiu, Z., Nonisothermal melt crystallization and subsequent melting behavior of biodegradable poly(hydroxybutyrate)/ multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites (2009) J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys, 47, pp. 2238-2246Yamashita, K., Funato, T., Suzuki, Y., Teramachi, S., Doi, Y., Characteristic interactions between poly(hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase and poly [(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] film studied by a quartz crystal microbalance (2003) Macromol Biosci, 3, pp. 694-702Yang, L., Setyowati, K., Li, A., Gong, S., Chen, J., Reversible infrared actuation of carbon nanotube-liquid crystalline elastomer nanocomposites (2008) Adv Mater, 20, pp. 2271-2275Yu, C., Shi, L., Yao, Z., Li, D., Majumdar, A., Thermal conductance and thermopower of an individual single-wall carbon nanotube (2005) Nano Lett, 5, pp. 1842-1846Yu, H., Qin, Z., Zhou, Z., Cellulose nanocrystals as green fillers to improve crystallization and hydrophilic property of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (2011) Prog Nat Sci: Mater Int, 21, pp. 478-484Yu, H.Y., Qin, Z.Y., Sun, B., Yang, X.G., Yao, J.M., Reinforcement of transparent poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by incorporation of functionalized carbon nanotubes as a novel bionanocomposite for food packaging (2014) Compos Sci Technol, 94, pp. 96-104Yu, H.Y., Yao, J.M., Qin, Z.Y., Liu, L., Yang, X.G., Comparison of covalent and noncovalent interactions of carbon nanotubes on the crystallization behavior and thermal properties of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (2013) J Appl Polym Sci, 130, pp. 4299-4307Yu, W., Lan, C.H., Wang, S.J., Fang, P.F., Sun, Y.M., Influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the crystallization behavior of electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) nanofibers (2010) Polymer, 51, pp. 2403-2409Yun, S.I., Lo, V., Noorman, J., Davis, J., Russel, R.A., Holden, P.J., Gadd, G.E., Morphology of composite particles of single wall carbon nanotubes/biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates prepared by spray drying (2010) Polym Bull, 64, pp. 99-106Zeng, H., Gao, C., Yan, D., Poly(ε-caprolactone)-functionalized carbon nanotubes and their biodegradation properties (2006) Adv Funct Mater, 16, pp. 812-818Zhang, K., Park, B.J., Fang, F.F., Choi, H.J., Sonochemical preparation of polymer nanocomposites (2009) Molecules, 14, pp. 2095-2110Zinn, M., Witholt, B., Egli, T., Occurrence, synthesis and medical application of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate (2001) Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 53, pp. 5-21Zribi-Maaloul, E., Trabelsi, I., Elleuch, L., Chouayekh, H., Ben Salah, R., Purification and characterization of two polyhydroxyalcanoates from Bacillus cereus (2013) Int J Biol Macromol, 61, pp. 82-88